An emerging body of work acknowledges the challenges focal firms face in gathering material information about their extended supply chains and begins to point to the role of supply chain structure in influencing supply chain transparency. Still, large-scale empirical evidence on this complex association remains elusive, especially at the supply chain level of analysis. We begin to bridge this empirical gap by examining whether supply chain structure systematically associates to supply chain transparency in the context of the collective public environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures made by a focal firm's customers, suppliers, and subsuppliers. To shed light on this underexplored empirical phenomenon, we gather Bloomberg SPLC data and Bloomberg ESG data about 4803 firms and 20,504 contractual ties organized in 187 extended supply chains. We find that supply chain density positively associates with supply chain transparency, whereas supply chain clustering holds a negative association. We also find that supply chain geographical heterogeneity positively associates with supply chain transparency. Our results significantly expand the literature on supply chain transparency and are relevant to supply chain professionals because they emphasize the central role of supply chain structure in enabling or constraining supply chain transparency.

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供应链结构与透明度的关联：大规模实证研究

一项新兴工作承认重点公司在收集有关其扩展供应链的重要信息时面临的挑战，并开始指出供应链结构在影响供应链透明度方面的作用。尽管如此，关于这种复杂关联的大规模经验证据仍然难以捉摸，尤其是在供应链分析层面。在焦点公司的客户、供应商和次级供应商进行的集体公共环境、社会和治理 (ESG) 披露的背景下，我们通过检查供应链结构是否系统地与供应链透明度相关联，开始弥合这一经验差距。为了阐明这种未被充分探索的经验现象，我们收集了关于 4803 家公司和 20 家公司的彭博 SPLC 数据和彭博 ESG 数据，在 187 个扩展供应链中组织了 504 个合同关系。我们发现供应链密度与供应链透明度呈正相关，而供应链集群则呈负相关。我们还发现供应链地理异质性与供应链透明度正相关。我们的结果显着扩展了关于供应链透明度的文献，并且与供应链专业人士相关，因为它们强调了供应链结构在启用或限制供应链透明度方面的核心作用。