This article examines the confluence of extractivism, violence, and their resistance in the context of left governance – specifically the case of Ecuador – through an engagement with the concept of populism. Alongside Bolivia and Venezuela, Ecuador has long been associated with the rise of radical populism and with it an ‘autocratic turn’ in Latin America. Dispensing with overdetermined accounts of populism as either the anti-thesis or essence of democracy, this article proposes a third lens – dual populisms – to better grapple with the neocolonial turn toward intensified natural resource extraction and violence. That this intensification took place in the context of a left-in-power in Ecuador was initially surprising given previous alliances between President Correa’s party and Indigenous and environmental movements, and its rejection of capitalist and neoliberal developmentalism. With the expansion of extractive industries, and its accompanying violence increasingly becoming a global phenomenon, dual populism posits a third position – one that is at once top-down, state centered, and also bottom-up and social movement focused – to better account for the complex dynamics at work within this turn.

本文通过与民粹主义概念的接触，研究了左翼治理背景下的榨取主义、暴力及其抵抗的汇合——特别是厄瓜多尔的案例。与玻利维亚和委内瑞拉一样，厄瓜多尔长期以来一直与激进民粹主义的兴起以及拉丁美洲的“专制转向”联系在一起。摒弃将民粹主义视为民主的对立面或本质的过分确定的说法，本文提出了第三个视角——双重民粹主义– 更好地应对新殖民主义转向加剧的自然资源开采和暴力。鉴于科雷亚总统的政党与原住民和环保运动之间的先前联盟，以及它对资本​​主义和新自由主义发展主义的拒绝，这种加剧发生在厄瓜多尔左翼掌权的背景下最初令人惊讶。随着采掘业的扩张及其伴随的暴力日益成为一种全球现象，双重民粹主义确立了第三种立场——即自上而下、以国家为中心、自下而上和社会运动为重点的立场——以更好地解释在这个回合中起作用的复杂动态。