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A quantitative assessment of the dependence of outdoor thermal-stresses on tree-building morphology and wind: A case-study in sub-tropical Patna, India
Sustainable Cities and Society ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103085
Venkatesh Raman , Manoj Kumar , Anjali Sharma , Andreas Matzarakis

This study quantifies the changes in thermal-stresses due to changes in tree-building-morphology and background-wind, at a site in sub-tropical Patna, India, where new residential buildings are under-construction, after demolishing the old, including felling of around 180 trees. Six morphological-variants are compared through simulations, using the diagnostic model SkyHelios Pro, to identify the individual/synergetic thermal-effects of different morphological-attributes/ background-wind. SkyHelios allows for a fast spatial/temporal analysis of the thermal changes at a point of time/space, giving maximum output parameters. The highest spatial-mean-rise in mean radiant temperature/ physiological equivalent temperature of 3.4/2.9 °C occurs at noon, at background-wind 4.0 m/s, due to trees-removal-area of 30 % and built-up area addition of 79 %, simultaneously. Individual changes manifested by trees and buildings are quantitatively conservative/additive. Buildings contribute heat, related positively to horizontal built-up density, negatively to wind-permeability, and regardless of building-height/volume. Spatial-mean cooling by trees is higher at lower-winds, related positively to plantation-density though not necessarily linearly, depends on tree-building overlaps, ground-conditions, and wind-permeability. Wind-sheltered zones, oblique-narrow canyons, and building-skins are dominant heat-contributors and best beneficiaries of tree-shading at all background-winds. The study is limited to day-hours, excludes thermal-effects of tree-species and building-materials. Recommendations for passively-cooled outdoors, a core-issue concerning thermally-sustainable cities, are proposed.



中文翻译:

室外热应力对造树形态和风的依赖性的定量评估:印度巴特那亚热带地区的案例研究

这项研究量化了在印度亚热带巴特那的一个地点,在拆除旧建筑(包括砍伐)后,新住宅建筑正在建设中,由于树木建筑形态和背景风的变化而导致的热应力变化约 180 棵树。通过模拟比较六个形态变量,使用诊断模型 SkyHelios Pro,识别不同形态属性/背景风的个体/协同热效应。SkyHelios 允许对某个时间/空间点的热变化进行快速空间/时间分析,从而提供最大的输出参数。由于 30% 的树木移除面积和建筑面积增加,平均辐射温度/生理等效温度的最高空间平均上升发生在中午,背景风速为 4.0 m/s 79%,同时地。树木和建筑物表现出的个体变化在数量上是保守的/可加的。建筑物贡献热量,与水平建筑密度正相关,与风渗透性负相关,并且与建筑物高度/体积无关。树木的空间平均冷却在低风速下更高,与种植园密度呈正相关,但不一定呈线性关系,取决于树木建造的重叠、地面条件和风渗透率。避风区、斜窄峡谷和建筑表皮是主要的热贡献者,也是所有背景风下树木遮荫的最佳受益者。该研究仅限于白天,不包括树种和建筑材料的热效应。提出了关于被动冷却室外的建议,这是一个关于热可持续城市的核心问题。树木和建筑物表现出的个体变化在数量上是保守的/可加的。建筑物贡献热量,与水平建筑密度正相关,与风渗透性负相关,并且与建筑物高度/体积无关。树木的空间平均冷却在低风速下更高,与种植园密度呈正相关,但不一定呈线性关系,取决于树木建造的重叠、地面条件和风渗透率。避风区、斜窄峡谷和建筑表皮是主要的热贡献者,也是所有背景风下树木遮荫的最佳受益者。该研究仅限于白天,不包括树种和建筑材料的热效应。提出了关于被动冷却室外的建议,这是一个关于热可持续城市的核心问题。树木和建筑物所表现出的个体变化在数量上是保守的/可加的。建筑物贡献热量,与水平建筑密度正相关,与风渗透性负相关,并且与建筑物高度/体积无关。树木的空间平均冷却在低风速下更高,与种植园密度呈正相关,但不一定呈线性关系,取决于树木建造的重叠、地面条件和风渗透率。避风区、斜窄峡谷和建筑表皮是主要的热贡献者,也是所有背景风下树木遮荫的最佳受益者。该研究仅限于白天,不包括树种和建筑材料的热效应。提出了关于被动冷却室外的建议,这是一个关于热可持续城市的核心问题。

更新日期:2021-06-22
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