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Chemical composition of potassium-glass vessels from the 14th-15th centuries found in Tartu, Estonia
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports Pub Date : 2021-06-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102978
Ahti Niilisk , Arvi Haak , Peeter Ritslaid , Ain Mäesalu , Jaak Kikas

XRF-analysis of 18 fragments of several 14th–15th-century vessel types and an additional fragment of a 16th-century glass vessel, found primarily from the cesspits in the medieval town centre of Tartu, was carried out. The study reveals that these are mostly potassium-calcium silicates, containing 49–56 wt% of SiO2 and a varying high level (from 15 to 20 wt% or even more) of K2O and CaO. Four typological groups are represented: vessels with applied glass threads, high prunted beakers, lower beakers with a spiral glass thread, and beakers with a zig-zag glass thread. It is shown that all these have rather similar chemical composition. Classification by the CaO/K2O ratio hints at a possibility that besides the glass of Bohemian origin, vessels came also from the glasshouses in the present-day Germany. The blue decoration on the basic colourless glass contains Co, Cu, and Fe bearing colourants accompanied by various minor impurities like Zn, Pb, and sometimes Ni (instead of Zn). In addition, in the blue glass of the 16th century dating elements Bi and As were found. Obviously, Co from various sources was used. A fairly high level of Cu and Fe in blue decorations implies that these metals might have been added to the frit separately to get an additional shade, in the form of brass (Cu+Zn alloy) and hematite (Fe2O3, rust) respectively.



中文翻译:

在爱沙尼亚塔尔图发现的 14-15 世纪钾玻璃容器的化学成分

对 14 至 15 世纪几种容器类型的 18 个碎片和一个 16 世纪玻璃器皿的附加碎片进行了 XRF 分析,这些碎片主要来自塔尔图中世纪市中心的粪坑。研究表明,这些主要是硅酸钾钙,含有 49–56 wt% 的 SiO 2和不同的高水平(从 15 到 20 wt% 甚至更多)K 2 O 和 CaO。代表了四个类型组:带有应用玻璃线的容器、高切烧杯、带有螺旋玻璃线的下烧杯和带有锯齿形玻璃线的烧杯。结果表明,所有这些都具有相当相似的化学成分。按 CaO/K 2分类O ratio 暗示了一种可能性,除了波西米亚起源的玻璃外,船只也来自当今德国的温室。基本无色玻璃上的蓝色装饰含有 Co、Cu 和 Fe 着色剂,并伴有各种微量杂质,如 Zn、Pb,有时还含有 Ni(而不是 Zn)。此外,在 16 世纪的蓝色玻璃中还发现了 Bi 和 As 元素。显然,使用了各种来源的 Co。蓝色装饰中的 Cu 和 Fe 含量相当高,这意味着这些金属可能已单独添加到玻璃料中以获得额外的色调,形式为黄铜(Cu+Zn 合金)和赤铁矿(Fe 2 O 3,铁锈)分别。

更新日期:2021-06-15
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