The current study examined the influence of everyday perceptual experience with infant and child faces on the shaping of visual biases for faces in 3.5-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old infants. In Experiment 1, infants were presented with pairs of photographs of unfamiliar child and infant faces. Four groups with differential experience with infant and child faces were composed from parents’ reports of daily exposure with infants and children (no experience, infant face experience, child face experience, and both infant and child face experience) to assess influence of experience on face preferences. Results showed that infants from all age groups displayed a bias for the novel category of faces in relation to their previous exposure to infant and child faces. In Experiment 2, this pattern of visual attention was reversed in infants presented with pictures of personally familiar child faces (i.e., older siblings) compared with unfamiliar infant faces, especially in older infants. These results suggest that allocation of attention for novelty can supersede familiarity biases for faces depending on experience and highlight that multiple factors drive infant visual behavior in responding to the social world.

目前的研究检查了婴儿和儿童面部的日常感知经验对 3.5、6、9 和 12 个月大婴儿面部视觉偏见的影响。在实验 1 中，婴儿被展示了成对的陌生儿童和婴儿面孔的照片。根据父母对婴儿和儿童日常接触的报告（无经验、婴儿面部体验、儿童面部体验和婴儿和儿童面部体验）组成四个对婴儿和儿童面部有不同体验的组，以评估体验对面部的影响喜好。结果表明，所有年龄组的婴儿都表现出对新面孔类别的偏见，与他们之前接触婴儿和儿童面孔有关。在实验 2 中，与不熟悉的婴儿面孔相比，尤其是在年龄较大的婴儿中，在展示个人熟悉的儿童面孔（即年长的兄弟姐妹）图片的婴儿中，这种视觉注意模式发生了逆转。这些结果表明，对新奇事物的注意力分配可以取代对面孔的熟悉偏见，这取决于经验，并强调多种因素驱动婴儿对社会世界做出反应的视觉行为。