The advancement in electromagnetic metamaterials, which commenced three decades ago, experienced a rapid transformation into acoustic and elastic systems in the forms of phononic crystals and acoustic/elastic metamaterials. Since its early discovery, numerous wave phenomena alongside the possible engineering applications have been highlighted. The existing and emerging fields of metamaterials are far more extensive, ranging from optics to acoustic, and all the way to the elastic systems. Numerous fantastic dynamic properties in optics and acoustic/elastic systems have been reported to date, which cannot be found in naturally occurring materials. The present review tends to discuss the historical context, current progresses and possible future outcomes of metamaterials. The fascinating phenomena observed in optics/electromagnetic metamaterials have been explained and linked with acoustic and elastic counterparts. The idea of perfect lens that is governed by negative permittivity and negative permeability via left-handed materials with negative refractive index properties and the transformation optics for invisibility cloaks and optical rainbow effect alongside the hyperbolic metamaterials are reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, the associated transformation into acoustic and elastic focusing effects via graded index metamaterials, acoustic/elastic invisibility cloaks, transformational acoustics, and seismology and metawedges resembling optical rainbow effects and the likes are explained. The present state of the art has been examined and the physics involved in the governing of those peculiar wave mechanisms has been highlighted. Starting from photonic crystals, phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials, the present state of the art research in some subfields of acoustic metamaterials has been outlined, such as metasurfaces, topological phononic crystals and seismic metamaterials, the three exciting and emerging research topics. The substantial challenges involved in these realms are characterised and the possible future outcome is further evaluated. This review article may assist researchers and engineers to grasp the idea of metamaterials in not only photonic and phononic crystal systems, but also the counterpart subfields.

电磁超材料的进步始于三年前，经历了以声子晶体和声/弹性超材料的形式迅速转变为声学和弹性系统的过程。自从早期发现以来，许多波浪现象以及可能的工程应用已经得到强调。超材料的现有和新兴领域要广泛得多，从光学到声学，一直到弹性系统。迄今为止，已经报道了光学和声学/弹性系统中的许多奇妙的动态特性，这些特性在天然材料中是找不到的。本综述倾向于讨论超材料的历史背景、当前进展和未来可能的结果。在光学/电磁超材料中观察到的迷人现象已经得到解释，并与声学和弹性对应物有关。回顾和讨论了由负介电常数和负磁导率通过具有负折射率特性的左手材料控制的完美透镜的想法，以及用于隐形斗篷和光学彩虹效应的变换光学以及双曲超材料。此外，还解释了通过渐变折射率超材料、声学/弹性隐形斗篷、变换声学和地震学以及类似于光学彩虹效应等的超楔形物向声学和弹性聚焦效应的相关转换。已经检查了当前的技术状态，并强调了控制这些特殊波机制所涉及的物理学。从光子晶体、声子晶体和声学超材料开始，概述了声学超材料的一些子领域的最新研究进展，例如超表面、拓扑声子晶体和地震超材料，这三个令人兴奋的新兴研究课题。对这些领域所涉及的重大挑战进行了表征，并进一步评估了未来可能的结果。这篇综述文章可以帮助研究人员和工程师不仅在光子和声子晶体系统中，而且在对应的子领域中掌握超材料的概念。概述了声学超材料的一些子领域的最新研究，例如超表面、拓扑声子晶体和地震超材料，这三个令人兴奋的新兴研究课题。对这些领域所涉及的重大挑战进行了表征，并进一步评估了未来可能的结果。这篇综述文章可以帮助研究人员和工程师不仅在光子和声子晶体系统中，而且在对应的子领域中掌握超材料的概念。概述了声学超材料的一些子领域的最新研究，例如超表面、拓扑声子晶体和地震超材料，这三个令人兴奋的新兴研究课题。对这些领域所涉及的重大挑战进行了表征，并进一步评估了未来可能的结果。这篇综述文章可以帮助研究人员和工程师不仅在光子和声子晶体系统中，而且在对应的子领域中掌握超材料的概念。对这些领域所涉及的重大挑战进行了表征，并进一步评估了未来可能的结果。这篇综述文章可以帮助研究人员和工程师不仅在光子和声子晶体系统中，而且在对应的子领域中掌握超材料的概念。对这些领域所涉及的重大挑战进行了表征，并进一步评估了未来可能的结果。这篇综述文章可以帮助研究人员和工程师不仅在光子和声子晶体系统中，而且在对应的子领域中掌握超材料的概念。