Crops are affected by various types of abiotic stress, resulting in a decrease in agricultural productivity thereby challenging food-security issues. Among the different types of abiotic stresses, the temperature has been regarded as a major one followed by salt and drought stress. The increasing temperature causes an alteration in the period of growth and the distribution of crop plants. High-temperature also damages the membrane, some proteins, inactivate the main enzymes and disturb the synthesis of biomolecules. Moreover, heat stress has been found to restrict the process of cell division as well. On the other hand, low-temperature is the main determinant of freezing which results in the reduction of plant cellular metabolism. Freezing stress forms ice-crystals in the cells that further leads to cell death due to dehydration and leakage of electrolyte. Generally, the stress tolerance in crops has been determined based on the cultivar's ability to withstand freezing temperatures; however, with advancements in microbiological techniques, several stress-tolerant microbes have been identified which either through direct or indirect mechanisms alleviate temperature-stress in plants. Furthermore, the function of cryoprotectant compounds and their signaling mechanisms in plants have been also discussed in detail for signifying their role in the alleviation of cold stress in plants. This review highlights the responses of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that are metabolically active under thermal stress conditions, and result in the production of metabolites that promotes plant growth and facilitate the uptake of nutrients under thermal stress in agro-ecosystems.

作物受到各种非生物胁迫的影响，导致农业生产力下降，从而对粮食安全问题提出挑战。在不同类型的非生物胁迫中，温度被认为是主要的胁迫，其次是盐胁迫和干旱胁迫。温度升高导致作物生长周期和分布的改变。高温还会破坏细胞膜、某些蛋白质，使主要酶失活，干扰生物分子的合成。此外，已发现热应激也会限制细胞分裂的过程。另一方面，低温是导致植物细胞代谢减少的冷冻的主要决定因素。冷冻压力会在细胞中形成冰晶，由于脱水和电解质泄漏，进一步导致细胞死亡。通常，作物的胁迫耐受性是根据品种耐受冰冻温度的能力确定的；然而，随着微生物技术的进步，已经确定了几种耐逆微生物，它们通过直接或间接机制减轻植物的温度胁迫。此外，还详细讨论了冷冻保护剂化合物的功能及其在植物中的信号传导机制，以表明它们在缓解植物冷胁迫中的作用。这篇综述强调了在热应激条件下具有代谢活性的植物生长促进根际细菌 (PGPR) 的反应，