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Shifts in Estimated Preferred Directions During Simulated BMI Experiments With No Adaptation
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-15 , DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.677688
Miri Benyamini 1 , Miriam Zacksenhouse 1, 2
Affiliation  

Experiments with brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) reveal that the preferred direction (PD) of cortical motor units may shift following the transition to brain control. However, the cause of those shifts, and in particular, whether they imply neural adaptation, is an open issue. Here we address this question in simulations and theoretical analysis. Simulations are based on the assumption that the brain implements optimal state estimation and feedback control and that cortical motor neurons encode the estimated state and control signal. Our simulations successfully reproduce the shifts in PD observed in BMI experiments with different BMI filters, including a linear filter and Kalman filters before and after re-calibration, even with no adaptation. Theoretical analysis identifies the conditions under which the PD should not shift after the transition to brain control. We demonstrate that simulations that better satisfy those conditions result in smaller PD shifts. We conclude that the observed PD shifts may result from experimental conditions, and in particular correlated velocities or tuning weights, even when there is no adaptation. Furthermore, we show that under general conditions, the estimated PD may not capture the real PD of the neuron. Our investigation provides theoretical and simulation tools for better understanding shifts in PD and BMI experiments.

中文翻译:

在没有适应性的模拟 BMI 实验期间估计首选方向的变化

脑机接口 (BMI) 实验表明,皮层运动单元的首选方向 (PD) 可能会在过渡到大脑控制后发生变化。然而,这些转变的原因,特别是它们是否意味着神经适应,是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里,我们通过模拟和理论分析来解决这个问题。模拟基于以下假设:大脑实现最佳状态估计和反馈控制,并且皮层运动神经元对估计的状态和控制信号进行编码。我们的模拟成功地重现了在不同 BMI 滤波器的 BMI 实验中观察到的 PD 变化,包括重新校准前后的线性滤波器和卡尔曼滤波器,即使没有适应。理论分析确定了在过渡到大脑控制后 PD 不应转移的条件。我们证明了更好地满足这些条件的模拟会导致更小的 PD 偏移。我们得出结论,观察到的 PD 偏移可能是由实验条件引起的,特别是相关速度或调整权重,即使没有适应。此外,我们表明,在一般条件下,估计的 PD 可能无法捕获神经元的真实 PD。我们的研究为更好地理解 PD 和 BMI 实验的变化提供了理论和模拟工具。尤其是相关的速度或调整权重,即使没有适应。此外,我们表明,在一般条件下,估计的 PD 可能无法捕获神经元的真实 PD。我们的研究为更好地理解 PD 和 BMI 实验的变化提供了理论和模拟工具。尤其是相关的速度或调整权重,即使没有适应。此外,我们表明,在一般条件下,估计的 PD 可能无法捕获神经元的真实 PD。我们的研究为更好地理解 PD 和 BMI 实验的变化提供了理论和模拟工具。
更新日期:2021-06-16
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