Contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) contain specialized tethering proteins that bind both ER and PM membranes. In excitable cells, ER-PM contacts play an important role in calcium signaling and transferring lipids. Junctophilins are a conserved family of ER-PM tethering proteins. They are predominantly expressed in muscles and neurons and known to simultaneously bind both ER- and PM-localized ion channels. Since their discovery two decades ago, functional studies using junctophilin-deficient animals have provided a deep understanding of their roles in muscles and neurons, including excitation-contraction coupling, store-operated calcium entry, and afterhyperpolarization. In this review, we highlight key findings from mice, C. elegans, and D. melanogaster that support evolutionary conservation of junctophilins.

中文翻译：

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Junctophilins：肌肉和神经元中关键的 ER 质膜系绳

内质网 (ER) 和质膜 (PM) 之间的接触包含结合 ER 和 PM 膜的特殊束缚蛋白。在可兴奋细胞中，ER-PM 接触在钙信号传导和脂质转移中起重要作用。Junctophilins 是一个保守的 ER-PM 束缚蛋白家族。它们主要在肌肉和神经元中表达，并且已知同时结合 ER 和 PM 定位的离子通道。自 20 年前发现以来，使用缺乏 junctophilin 的动物进行的功能研究已经深入了解了它们在肌肉和神经元中的作用，包括兴奋-收缩耦合、储存操作的钙进入和后超极化。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了支持 junctophilins 进化保护的小鼠、秀丽隐杆线虫和黑腹果蝇的主要发现。