Background: Approximately one fifth of adults are diagnosed with gallstones worldwide. Of these, around 25% develop gallstone disease (indicated by the presence of symptoms) and undergo cholecystectomy. Summary: The risk of gallstones is influenced by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as excess body weight. In fact, body mass has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for symptomatic gallstones. Rapid weight loss can also initiate a prolithogenic state and further increase the likelihood of either gallstone formation or existing gallstones becoming symptomatic; however, sensible weight loss strategies can mitigate this risk. This review discusses the role of excess body weight and the risk of gallstone disease, as well as the options available for the prevention of symptomatic gallstones. Key Messages: Healthy weight loss diets combined with regular physical activity can promote successful weight loss and weight maintenance and reduce the risk of gallstones. Should rapid weight loss be required for health reasons or be expected, e.g., after bariatric surgery, prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid during the period of weight reduction has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of gallstones formation or symptomatic gallstone occurrence. The recent German guidelines on gallstones recommend simultaneous cholecystectomy during bariatric surgery but only for those with preexisting symptomatic stones.
Visc Med

中文翻译：

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超重和胆结石病

背景：全世界约有五分之一的成年人被诊断出患有胆结石。其中，约 25% 的人患上胆结石病（表现为出现症状）并接受胆囊切除术。概括：胆结石的风险受遗传和生活方式因素的影响，例如体重过重。事实上，体重已被证明是症状性胆结石的主要危险因素。快速减肥还可以启动前结石状态，并进一步增加胆结石形成或现有胆结石出现症状的可能性；然而，明智的减肥策略可以降低这种风险。这篇综述讨论了超重的作用和胆结石病的风险，以及可用于预防症状性胆结石的选择。关键信息：健康的减肥饮食结合规律的体育锻炼可以促进成功的减肥和体重维持，并降低胆结石的风险。如果出于健康原因或预期需要快速减肥，例如在减肥手术后，已证明在减肥期间预防性使用熊去氧胆酸可降低胆结石形成或有症状胆结石发生的发生率。最近的德国胆结石指南建议在减肥手术期间同时进行胆囊切除术，但仅适用于已存在症状性结石的患者。
粘性医学