The impact of global climate change on the temporal and spatial variations of precipitation is significant. In this study, daily temperature and precipitation data from 258 meteorological stations in the Haihe River Basin, for the period 1960–2020, were used to determine the trend and significance of temperature and precipitation changes at interannual and interseasonal scales. The Mann–Kendall test and Spearman’s correlation analysis were employed, and significant change trends and correlations were determined. At more than 90% of the selected stations, the results showed a significant increase in temperature, at both interannual and interseasonal scales, and the increasing trend was more significant in spring than in other seasons. Precipitation predominantly showed a decreasing trend at an interannual scale; however, the change trend was not significant. In terms of the interseasonal scale, the precipitation changes in spring and autumn showed an overall increasing trend, those in summer showed a 1:1 distribution ratio of increasing and decreasing trends, and those in winter showed an overall decreasing trend. Furthermore, the Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between temperature and precipitation in the entire Haihe River Basin, at both interannual and interseasonal scales; however, most of the correlations were weak.

中文翻译：

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气候变化影响下海河流域降水时空变化特征

全球气候变化对降水时空变化的影响是显着的。本研究利用海河流域258个气象站1960-2020年的逐日气温和降水资料，确定年际和季际尺度上气温和降水变化的趋势和意义。采用Mann-Kendall 检验和Spearman 相关分析，确定显着变化趋势和相关性。结果表明，90%以上的选定站点的年际和季际尺度上均出现温度显着升高，且春季升高的趋势较其他季节更为显着。降水量以年际尺度为主，呈递减趋势；然而，变化趋势不显着。从季节间尺度看，春秋两季降水变化总体呈增加趋势，夏季呈1:1的增减分布比例，冬季总体呈减少趋势。此外，Spearman 相关分析表明，整个海河流域的气温与降水在年际和季际尺度上均呈负相关；然而，大多数相关性都很弱。Spearman相关分析表明，整个海河流域的气温与降水在年际和季际尺度上均呈负相关；然而，大多数相关性都很弱。Spearman相关分析表明，整个海河流域的气温与降水在年际和季际尺度上均呈负相关；然而，大多数相关性都很弱。