The oak flora of North America north of Mexico is both phylogenetically diverse and species-rich, including 92 species placed in five sections of subgenus Quercus, the oak clade centered on the Americas. Despite phylogenetic and taxonomic progress on the genus over the past 45 years, classification of species at the subsectional level remains unchanged since the early treatments by WL Trelease, AA Camus, and CH Muller. In recent work, we used a RAD-seq based phylogeny including 250 species sampled from throughout the Americas and Eurasia to reconstruct the timing and biogeography of the North American oak radiation. This work demonstrates that the North American oak flora comprises mostly regional species radiations with limited phylogenetic affinities to Mexican clades, and two sister group connections to Eurasia. Using this framework, we describe the regional patterns of oak diversity within North America and formally classify 62 species into nine major North American subsections within sections Lobatae (the red oaks) and Quercus (the white oaks), the two largest sections of subgenus Quercus. We also distill emerging evolutionary and biogeographic patterns based on the impact of phylogenomic data on the systematics of multiple species complexes and instances of hybridization.

中文翻译：

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北美橡树（栎属栎属）的更新属下分类：系统发育数据对生物地理学和物种多样性贡献的回顾

北美洲墨西哥北部的橡树植物群系统发育多样且物种丰富，包括分布在栎属亚属的五个部分的 92 种，橡木进化枝以美洲为中心。尽管过去 45 年来该属的系统发育和分类学取得了进展，但自 WL Trelease、AA Camus 和 CH Muller 的早期处理以来，亚组水平的物种分类保持不变。在最近的工作中，我们使用了基于 RAD-seq 的系统发育，包括从整个美洲和欧亚大陆采样的 250 个物种，以重建北美橡树辐射的时间和生物地理学。这项工作表明，北美橡树植物群主要包括与墨西哥进化枝具有有限系统发育亲和力的区域物种辐射，以及与欧亚大陆的两个姐妹群。使用这个框架，我们描述了北美橡树多样性的区域模式，并将 62 个物种正式分类为北美九个主要的部分Lobatae（红橡树）和Quercus（白橡树）是栎属亚属的两个最大部分。我们还根据系统发育数据对多物种复合体和杂交实例的系统学的影响，提炼出新兴的进化和生物地理学模式。