I provide an analysis of sentences of the form ‘To be F is to be G’ in terms of exact truth-maker semantics—an approach that identifies the meanings of sentences with the states of the world directly responsible for their truth-values. Roughly, I argue that these sentences hold just in case that which makes something F also makes it G. This approach is hyperintensional and possesses desirable logical and modal features. In particular, these sentences are reflexive, transitive, and symmetric, and if they are true, then they are necessarily true, and it is necessary that all and only Fs are Gs. I motivate my account over Correia and Skiles’ [11] prominent alternative and close by defining an irreflexive and asymmetric notion of analysis in terms of the symmetric and reflexive notion.

我根据精确的真值制造者语义提供了对形式为“成为 F 就是成为G”的句子的分析——一种将句子的含义与直接对其真值负责的世界状态识别的方法。粗略地说，我认为这些句子成立只是为了防止使某物成为F也使它成为G 的情况。这种方法是超内涵的，具有理想的逻辑和模态特征。特别地，这些句子是自反的、传递的和对称的，如果它们为真，那么它们必然为真，并且有必要所有且只有F s 是G秒。我对 Correia 和 Skiles [11] 的突出选择提出了我的解释，并通过根据对称和自反概念定义非自反和不对称的分析概念来结束。