Lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) is an emerging lysophospholipid (LPL) mediator, which acts through G protein-coupled receptors, like lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). LysoPS is detected in various tissues and cells and thought to be produced mainly by the deacylation of phosphatidylserine. LysoPS has been known to stimulate degranulation of mast cells. Recently, four LysoPS-specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified. These GPCRs belong to the P2Y family which covers receptors for nucleotides and LPLs and are predominantly expressed in immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages. Studies on knockout mice of these GPCRs have revealed that LysoPS has immune-modulatory functions. Up-regulation of a LysoPS-producing enzyme, PS-specific phospholipase A₁, was frequently observed in situations where the immune system is activated including autoimmune diseases and organ transplantations. Therefore, modulation of LysoPS signaling appears to be a promising method for providing therapies for the treatment of immune diseases. In this review, we summarize the biology of LysoPS-producing enzymes and receptors, recent developments in LysoPS signal modulators, and prospects for future therapeutic applications.

溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸 (LysoPS) 是一种新兴的溶血磷脂 (LPL) 介质，通过 G 蛋白偶联受体发挥作用，如溶血磷脂酸 (LPA) 和 1-磷酸鞘氨醇 (S1P)。 LysoPS 在多种组织和细胞中检测到，并且被认为主要是通过磷脂酰丝氨酸的脱酰化产生的。 LysoPS 已知可刺激肥大细胞脱颗粒。最近，鉴定出四种 LysoPS 特异性 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR)。这些 GPCR 属于 P2Y 家族，涵盖核苷酸和 LPL 受体，主要在淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞等免疫细胞中表达。对这些 GPCR 基因敲除小鼠的研究表明，LysoPS 具有免疫调节功能。在免疫系统被激活的情况下，包括自身免疫性疾病和器官移植，经常观察到产生 LysoPS 的酶（PS 特异性磷脂酶 A ₁ ）的上调。因此，LysoPS 信号传导的调节似乎是治疗免疫疾病的一种有前途的方法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 LysoPS 产生酶和受体的生物学、LysoPS 信号调节剂的最新进展以及未来治疗应用的前景。