Bioelectronic systems typically rely on radiofrequency wireless components to interface with the human body, but such components are bulky and energy-demanding, which limits the performance of the systems. Metasurfaces—artificial two-dimensional materials with subwavelength structure—can be engineered to control electromagnetic fields around the human body and could be used to overcome the current limitations of bioelectronic interfaces. Here we review the development of metasurfaces for bioelectronics, and explore their potential for application in current and emerging healthcare technologies. We examine the use of metasurfaces to control electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the human body, and discuss their application in microwave imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, biosensors, body networks and wireless power transfer. We also consider developments in materials science and artificial intelligence that can enhance the properties of metasurfaces for bioelectronics.

生物电子系统通常依靠射频无线组件与人体进行交互，但此类组件体积庞大且耗能，这限制了系统的性能。超表面——具有亚波长结构的人造二维材料——可以被设计来控制人体周围的电磁场，并可以用来克服目前生物电子界面的局限性。在这里，我们回顾了用于生物电子学的超表面的发展，并探索了它们在当前和新兴医疗保健技术中的应用潜力。我们研究了使用超表面来控制人体附近的电磁场，并讨论它们在微波成像、磁共振成像、生物传感器、身体网络和无线电力传输中的应用。