Physical activity has positive effects on self-esteem and sense of belongingness and vice versa. The experience sampling method allows for a level of analysis of the within-subject temporal dynamics of these interactions. We hypothesized that physical activity would predict prospective increases of self-esteem and belongingness in the flow of daily life, and vice versa. Additionally, we hypothesized that belongingness would predict self-esteem at the beep level. The study included 781 individuals (17.4 ± 3.5 years; 59% female) who responded to 10 beeps daily for 6 days to items on physical activity, self-esteem and belongingness. Univariate and multivariate multilevel models were used to examine within-person prospective bidirectional associations. We found that physical activity predicted higher self-esteem and belongingness at t₀+1. Participants who had a stronger increase of self-esteem following an increase in physical activity also had a concurrent stronger increase in belongingness. In contrast, self-esteem had no effect on physical activity at the next beep. Belongingness predicted self-esteem. We conclude that the interactions between physical activity, self-esteem and belongingness are complex and fluctuating in daily life. This has important implications for current theories describing the mental health benefits of physical activity.

体育活动对自尊和归属感有积极影响，反之亦然。经验抽样方法允许对这些交互的主体内时间动态进行一定程度的分析。我们假设体育活动可以预测日常生活中自尊和归属感的预期增加，反之亦然。此外，我们假设归属感会在蜂鸣声级别预测自尊。该研究包括 781 个人（17.4 ± 3.5 岁；59% 女性），他们在 6 天内每天对身体活动、自尊和归属感等项目发出 10 声蜂鸣声做出反应。使用单变量和多变量多级模型来检查人内前瞻性双向关联。我们发现，身体活动在 t 时预示着更高的自尊和归属感₀ +1。增加体育活动后自尊心增强的参与者也同时拥有更强的归属感。相比之下，自尊对下一次哔哔声的身体活动没有影响。归属感预示着自尊。我们得出结论，身体活动、自尊和归属感之间的相互作用在日常生活中是复杂和波动的。这对当前描述体育活动对心理健康益处的理论具有重要意义。