Ride-sourcing services are continuously gaining popularity among urban travelers. Due to their flexibility and responsiveness, transit agencies spot chances of collaborating with Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) in order to improve service quality, promote transit usage, and meanwhile lower their operational cost. In this paper, we studied an integrated transit system where ride-sourcing services complement the transit service as an efficient and economical access mode. The users of the integrated system consist of not only transit riders but also drivers for TNCs. Riders maximize their utilities by choosing whether and how to use the integrated system, and drivers maximize their payoffs by deciding how to serve riders. More importantly, in this two-sided system, their decisions are unfolded to each other and mutually influence one another such that an equilibrium is reached where no one can improve their outcome. We modeled the stochastic mode choice of riders and zone choice of drivers and captured the interactive attributes in a fixed-point problem. The existence of such an equilibrium was proved, and an iterative solution algorithm that utilizes network algorithms was proposed to find an equilibrium pattern of the stochastic demand-supply problem. A real-world case study using the Twin Cities’ data was carried out, and insights into the mechanism of the integrated transit system were developed. Various aspects of the system including user perception, demand estimation, pricing strategy, and subsidy strategy were investigated through the proposed model. These research outcomes contribute to a better comprehension of this promising mobility system and provide valuable knowledge on the planning and design of such systems.

拼车服务在城市旅行者中越来越受欢迎。由于其灵活性和响应能力，公交机构发现了与运输网络公司 (TNC) 合作的机会，以提高服务质量、促进公交使用，同时降低运营成本。在本文中，我们研究了一个综合交通系统，其中代驾服务作为一种高效、经济的访问模式与公交服务相辅相成。集成系统的用户不仅包括公交乘客，还包括跨国公司的司机。骑手通过选择是否以及如何使用集成系统来最大化他们的效用，而司机通过决定如何为骑手提供服务来最大化他们的收益。更重要的是，在这个双面系统中，他们的决定相互展开并相互影响，从而达到一种平衡，没有人可以改善他们的结果。我们对骑手的随机模式选择和司机的区域选择进行了建模，并在定点问题中捕获了交互属性。证明了这种均衡的存在性，并提出了一种利用网络算法的迭代求解算法来寻找随机供需问题的均衡模式。开展了使用双城数据的真实案例研究，并深入了解了综合交通系统的机制。通过所提出的模型研究了系统的各个方面，包括用户感知、需求估计、定价策略和补贴策略。