This study aims to formulate and fabricate the optimum condition of modified kenaf core (MKC) for the removal of targeted endocrine-disrupting compounds in a batch adsorption system. Kenaf core was chemically modified using phosphoric acid as an activating agent, which involved the pyrolysis step. Results indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05) for unmodified and novel modified biochar, observed in characteristic performance analysis via ultimate analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum, and Brunauer–Emmett–teller (BET) surface area. The removal percentage of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in individual and binary mixture systems was examined in order to ascertain the highest removal percentage for MKC application in an aqueous solution. The main and interaction effects of three prepared variables such as incorporate of impregnation concentration of an acid catalyst (0.1–1.0 M), particle size (45–1,000 µm), and dosage (1.0–20.0 g/L) were examined and statistically analyzed via design of experiment (DoE) through developed quadratic models. The removal efficiency of E2 and EE2 in an individual system leads to T₂KC > T₁KC > T₃KC, whereas that in the binary mixture system leads to T₂KC > T₁KC > T₃KC and T₁KC > T₂KC > T₃KC for E2 and EE2 adsorption, respectively, through hydrogen bonding and the π–π interaction mechanism. Thus, the findings revealed T₂KC at a moderate level of acid concentration (0.5 M H₃PO₄) to be a potential biochar, with an environmentally safe and sound profile for opposing emerging pollutant issues as well as for the attainment of sustainable development goals.

本研究旨在制定和制造改性红麻核心 (MKC) 的最佳条件，以在批量吸附系统中去除目标内分泌干扰物。使用磷酸作为活化剂对红麻核心进行化学改性，这涉及热解步骤。结果表明存在显着差异（p < 0.05) 用于未改性和新型改性生物炭，通过极限分析、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 光谱和布鲁诺-埃米特-泰勒 (BET) 表面积在特性性能分析中观察到。检查了单独和二元混合物系统中 17β-雌二醇 (E2) 和 17α-炔雌醇 (EE2) 的去除百分比，以确定 MKC 在水溶液中的最高去除百分比。对酸催化剂的浸渍浓度 (0.1–1.0 M)、粒径 (45–1,000 µm) 和用量 (1.0–20.0 g/L) 等三个准备变量的主要影响和相互作用进行了检验和统计分析通过开发的二次模型通过实验设计 (DoE)。₂ KC > T ₁ KC > T ₃ KC，而在二元混合体系中，E2 和 EE2 吸附分别导致 T ₂ KC > T ₁ KC > T ₃ KC 和 T ₁ KC > T ₂ KC > T ₃ KC , 通过氢键和 π-π 相互作用机制。因此，研究结果表明，中等水平酸浓度（0.5 MH ₃ PO ₄ ）的T ₂ KC是一种潜在的生物炭，具有环境安全和健全的特征，可应对新出现的污染物问题以及实现可持续发展目标.