Drought and high temperature stress are the major limitation for the crop productions. Proline as osmoregulator in wheat plant under these stresses was studied through field experiments. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four factors i.e. the environment (2008-09 and 2009-10), sowing management (Planting windows PW’s; PW1, PW2, PW3, PW4 and PW5), genotypes (Chakwal-50, Wafaq-2001 and GA-2002) and locations (Islamabad, Chakwal and Talagang) replicated four times. Proline contents measures at anthesis stage of wheat crop depicted significant differences in response to treatments and among locations maximum value recorded at Talagang (39.13 μg g) followed by Chakwal (32.36 μg g) and Islamabad (24.55 μg g). However among PW’s maximum proline recorded for PW5 (35.42 μg g) due to exposure of crop to water and high temperature stresses as it was planted late. The inverse relationship of proline with physiological traits and grain yield was observed except for stomatal resistance where it remained positive. In conclusion proline accumulation improved the yield of wheat crop under water and temperature stress by regulating leaf water potential. Since, genotypes Chakwal-50 accumulated highest proline contents in present studies therefore; it needs to be considered for recommendation under stress conditions.

中文翻译：

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雨养条件下面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L. ）脯氨酸积累的响应

干旱和高温胁迫是作物生产的主要限制因素。通过田间试验研究了脯氨酸在这些胁迫下作为小麦植株渗透压调节剂。实验设计是随机完整块，具有四个因素，即环境（2008-09 和 2009-10）、播种管理（种植窗 PW's；PW1、PW2、PW3、PW4 和 PW5）、基因型（Chakwal-50、Wafaq-2001和 GA-2002）和地点（伊斯兰堡、查克瓦尔和塔拉岗）重复四次。小麦作物开花期的脯氨酸含量测量表明对处理的响应存在显着差异，并且在 Talagang (39.13 μg g)、Chakwal (32.36 μg g) 和伊斯兰堡 (24.55 μg g) 记录的最大值之间存在显着差异。然而，在 PW 记录的 PW5 最大脯氨酸中（35. 42 μg g)，这是由于作物种植较晚而暴露于水和高温胁迫中。除了气孔抗性保持正值外，脯氨酸与生理性状和谷物产量呈负相关。综上所述，脯氨酸积累通过调节叶水势提高了水温胁迫下小麦作物的产量。因此，基因型 Chakwal-50 在目前的研究中积累了最高的脯氨酸含量；在压力条件下需要考虑推荐。综上所述，脯氨酸积累通过调节叶水势提高了水温胁迫下小麦作物的产量。因此，基因型 Chakwal-50 在目前的研究中积累了最高的脯氨酸含量；在压力条件下需要考虑推荐。综上所述，脯氨酸积累通过调节叶水势提高了水温胁迫下小麦作物的产量。因此，基因型 Chakwal-50 在目前的研究中积累了最高的脯氨酸含量；在压力条件下需要考虑推荐。