Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is also an antioxidant in cellular membranes and lipoproteins. All cells produce CoQ₁₀ by a specialized cytoplasmatic-mitochondrial pathway. CoQ₁₀ deficiency can result from genetic failure or ageing. Some drugs including statins, widely used by inter alia elderly, may inhibit endogenous CoQ₁₀ synthesis. There are also chronic diseases with lower levels of CoQ₁₀ in tissues and organs. High doses of CoQ₁₀ may increase both circulating and intracellular levels, but there are conflicting results regarding bioavailability. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ₁₀ biosynthesis and primary and acquired CoQ₁₀ deficiency, and results from clinical trials based on CoQ₁₀ supplementation. There are indications that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and some of the symptoms of ageing. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation appear to be alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ₁₀. There is a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials, with CoQ₁₀ in a formulation of proven bioavailability, involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ₁₀ treatment in neurodegenerative disorders, as well as in metabolic syndrome and its complications.

辅酶 Q ₁₀ (CoQ ₁₀ ) 是线粒体电子传递链的重要组成部分。它也是细胞膜和脂蛋白中的抗氧化剂。所有细胞都通过专门的细胞质-线粒体途径产生 CoQ _{10 。}辅酶Q ₁₀缺乏可能是由遗传失败或衰老引起的。一些药物，包括他汀类药物，尤其是老年人广泛使用的药物，可能会抑制内源性 CoQ ₁₀合成。也有组织和器官中辅酶Q _{10水平较低的慢性疾病。}高剂量的 CoQ ₁₀可能会增加循环和细胞内水平，但在生物利用度方面存在相互矛盾的结果。在这里，我们回顾了 CoQ ₁₀生物合成和原发性和获得性 CoQ ₁₀缺乏的当前知识，以及基于 CoQ ₁₀补充剂的临床试验结果。有迹象表明，补充剂对线粒体缺乏综合征和一些衰老症状有积极影响。_{辅酶Q 10}的抗氧化作用似乎可以缓解心血管疾病和炎症。需要进一步研究和精心设计的临床试验，辅酶 Q ₁₀在经过验证的生物利用度的配方中，让更多的参与者接受更长时间的治疗，以评估 CoQ ₁₀治疗在神经退行性疾病以及代谢综合征及其并发症中的益处。