In the laser forming process, a cooling time is usually considered between successive scans to increase the temperature gradient and subsequently the bending angle. In this process, cooling is usually performed at ambient temperature, which can lead to a high increase in operation time and costs. The cooling rate can lead to undesirable changes in the microstructure depending on the type of material. In this research, by introducing a simple method for applying forced cooling with water at different distances from the laser beam, its effects are investigated on the laser forming of AISI 304L tubes using the finite element method and experiments. The bending angles and microstructure of the tube after forming are analyzed. The results show that local cooling with water reduces the duration of a 1-degree bend by about 8 to 13 times compared to the cooling at ambient temperature. However, local cooling with a small offset from the beam increases the residual stress after the forming and consequently increases the probability of stress corrosion cracking. However, cooling at ambient temperature increases the likelihood of intergranular precipitation in this steel compared to local cooling. According to the results, local cooling at a certain distance from the laser beam with the least change in residual stress has high efficiencies in bending the tube and less chance of corrosion after the forming.

在激光成型过程中，通常会在连续扫描之间考虑冷却时间，以增加温度梯度和弯曲角度。在此过程中，冷却通常在环境温度下进行，这会导致操作时间和成本的大幅增加。根据材料的类型，冷却速度可能导致微观结构发生不希望的变化。在本研究中，通过引入一种在距激光束不同距离处用水强制冷却的简单方法，使用有限元方法和实验研究了其对 AISI 304L 管激光成形的影响。分析成型后管子的弯曲角度和微观结构。结果表明，与环境温度下的冷却相比，用水局部冷却将 1 度弯曲的持续时间减少了约 8 到 13 倍。然而，局部冷却与梁的小偏移会增加成形后的残余应力，从而增加应力腐蚀开裂的可能性。然而，与局部冷却相比，在环境温度下冷却会增加这种钢中晶间析出的可能性。根据结果​​，在距激光束一定距离处进行局部冷却，残余应力变化最小，弯曲管的效率高，成型后腐蚀的机会更小。局部冷却与梁的小偏移会增加成型后的残余应力，从而增加应力腐蚀开裂的可能性。然而，与局部冷却相比，在环境温度下冷却会增加这种钢中晶间析出的可能性。根据结果​​，在距激光束一定距离处进行局部冷却，残余应力变化最小，弯曲管的效率高，成型后腐蚀的机会更小。局部冷却与梁的小偏移会增加成型后的残余应力，从而增加应力腐蚀开裂的可能性。然而，与局部冷却相比，在环境温度下冷却会增加这种钢中晶间析出的可能性。根据结果​​，在距激光束一定距离处进行局部冷却，残余应力变化最小，弯曲管的效率高，成型后腐蚀的机会更小。