Stone pine edible seeds are highly appreciated and increasingly demanded. However, kernel yield (percentage of total weight corresponding to kernel) has halved in European producing countries largely due to the attack of the invasive seed-feeding insect Leptoglossus occidentalis. In the Southern Hemisphere, where new stone pine plantations have shown positive results in terms of growth, cone production and health, the exotic seed pest L. occidentalis was first detected in 2017 in Chile, with observed changes and damages having been subsequently reported. The objective of this study was to assess cone and seed traits, and kernel-per-cone yield in P. pinea in Chile before and after the detection of the regional presence of L. occidentalis in 2017. Cone, seed and kernel traits were assessed in seven plantations from central Chile from 2010 to 2015 (before L. occidentalis arrival) and from 2018 to 2019 (after the pest arrival). For the kernels, three types of insect damage were quantified: type I (endosperm/embryo damage), type II (endosperm elimination) and type III (empty seeds). Results showed an average kernel yield of 4.0 ± 0.1%, with no differences between periods. However, in Mulchén, a significant decrease was recorded in cone weight, seed weight and kernels per cone. Regarding kernel analysis, significant increases in damage types I and II were found in all plantations after 2017. Cone assignment to weight categories showed that type I (partially damaged kernel) was the most frequent (58.6%) damage in heavy cones (>550 g), and damage type II was frequent in cones of <350 g in weight (51.4%). Thus, it is necessary to monitor the advance of the insect and its effects on stone pine cropping in non-native habitats. Given that in the southern area of Latin America stone pine is grown in managed plantations, biological and/or chemical control might be applied to limit the negative impact of L. occidentalis.

石松可食用种子受到高度赞赏和越来越多的需求。然而，欧洲生产国的籽粒产量（与籽粒相对应的总重量百分比）已减半，这主要是由于侵入性种子喂养昆虫Leptoglossus occidentalis的攻击。在南半球，新石松种植园在生长、锥体生产和健康方面都显示出积极成果，2017 年在智利首次发现了外来种子害虫L. occidentalis，随后报告了观察到的变化和损害。本研究的目的是在检测到L. occidentalis区域存在之前和之后，评估智利松果的锥体和种子性状以及每锥体的产量2017 年。从 2010 年到 2015 年（在L. occidentalis到来）和 2018 年至 2019 年（害虫到来后）。对于谷粒，量化了三种类型的昆虫损害：I 型（胚乳/胚胎损伤）、II 型（胚乳消除）和 III 型（空种子）。结果显示平均籽粒产量为 4.0 ± 0.1%，不同时期之间没有差异。然而，在 Mulchén，锥重、种子重量和每锥的籽粒显着下降。在籽粒分析方面，2017 年后所有种植园的损伤类型 I 和 II 均显着增加。 对重量类别的锥体分配表明，I 型（部分受损的籽粒）是重锥体（>550 g）中最常见的（58.6%）损伤)，并且在重量小于 350 克的锥体中，II 型损伤很常见 (51.4%)。因此，有必要监测昆虫的发展及其对非本土栖息地石松种植的影响。鉴于在拉丁美洲南部地区，石松生长在受管理的人工林中，可能会应用生物和/或化学控制来限制石松的负面影响L. occidentalis。