MiRNA-size small RNAs, abbreviated as sRNAs, are increasingly being discovered as research progresses and omics technologies development in prokaryotes. However, there is a paucity of data concerning whether or not sRNAs exist in cyanobacteria and regulate the resistance to oxidative stress. In this investigation, small RNA libraries were constructed from the control, 50-nM and 100-nM H₂O₂ treatments of Spirulina platensis. By high-throughput sequencing, 23 candidate sRNAs showed significantly differential expression under oxidative stress, among which eight sRNAs were identified with the similar expression patterns as the sequencing results by real-time qPCR. By nucleic acid hybridisation, the corresponding expression changes also demonstrated that sequencing results of sRNAs were feasible and credible. By bioinformatics prediction and structure identification, 43 target genes were predicted for 8 sRNAs in plant miRNA database, among which 29 were annotated into the genome and related metabolic pathways of S. platensis. By COG functional classification and KEGG pathway analysis, 31 target genes were predicted to be directly or indirectly involved in the defence mechanism of H₂O₂ stress. Thirteen target genes displayed reversely changing patterns compared with those of their sRNAs under H₂O₂ treatment. These findings provide compelling evidence that these sRNAs in S. platensis play a crucial role in oxidative stress responses, and thus provide a theoretical reference for improving the stress-triggering physiological regulation.

随着研究的进展和组学技术在原核生物中的发展，miRNA 大小的小 RNA（缩写为 sRNA）越来越多地被发现。然而，关于蓝藻中是否存在 sRNA 并调节对氧化应激的抵抗力的数据很少。在这项研究中，小 RNA 文库是由螺旋藻的对照、50-nM 和 100-nM H ₂ O ₂处理构建的。. 通过高通量测序，23个候选sRNA在氧化应激下表现出显着差异表达，其中8个sRNA与实时qPCR测序结果的表达模式相似。通过核酸杂交，相应的表达变化也证明了sRNA的测序结果是可行和可信的。通过生物信息学预测和结构鉴定，在植物miRNA数据库中预测出8个sRNA的43个靶基因，其中29个被注释到S. platensis的基因组和相关代谢途径中。通过COG功能分类和KEGG通路分析，预测31个靶基因直接或间接参与H ₂ O _{2的防御机制}压力。_{与在H 2} O ₂处理下的sRNA相比，13个靶基因显示出反向变化的模式。这些发现提供了令人信服的证据，证明S. platensis中的这些 sRNA 在氧化应激反应中发挥着至关重要的作用，从而为改善应激触发的生理调节提供了理论参考。