The measurement of wave forces acting on marine structures is a complicated task, both during physical experiments and, even more so, in the field. Force transducers adopted in laboratory experiments require a minimum level of structural movement, thus violating the main assumption of fully rigid structure and introducing a dynamic response of the system. Sometimes the induced vibrations are so intense that they completely nullify the reliability of the experiments. On-site, it is even more complex, since there are no force transducers of the size and capacity able to measure such massive force intensity acting over the very large domain of a marine structure. To this end, this investigation proposes a Bayesian methodology aimed to remove the undesired effects from the directly (laboratory applications) or indirectly (field applications) measured wave forces. The paper presents three applications of the method: i) a theoretical application on a synthetic signal for which MATLAB® procedures are provided, ii) an experimental application on laboratory data collected during experiments aimed to model broken wave loading on a cylinder upon a shoal and iii) a field application designed to reconstruct the wave force that generated recorded vibrations on the Wolf Rock lighthouse during Hurricane Ophelia. The proposed methodology allows the inclusion of existing information on breaking and broken wave forces through the process-based informative prior distributions, while it also provides the formal framework for uncertainty quantification of the results through the posterior distribution.

Notable findings are that the broken wave loading shows similar features for both laboratory and field data. The load time series is characterised by an initial impulsive component constituted by two peaks and followed by a delayed smoother one. The first two peaks are due to the initial impact of the aerated front and to the sudden deceleration of the falling water mass previously upward accelerated by the initial impact. The third, less intense peak, is due to the interaction between the cylinder and remaining water mass carried by the individual wave.

Finally, the method allows to properly identify the length of the impulsive loading component. The implications of this length on the use of the impulse theory for the assessment or design of marine structures are discussed.

测量作用在海洋结构上的波浪力是一项复杂的任务，无论是在物理实验中，还是在现场。实验室实验中采用的力传感器需要最小程度的结构运动，从而违反了全刚性结构的主要假设并引入了系统的动态响应。有时，感应振动非常强烈，以至于完全抵消了实验的可靠性。在现场，它甚至更加复杂，因为没有尺寸和容量的力传感器能够测量作用在海洋结构的非常大的区域上的如此巨大的力强度。为此，这项调查提出了一种贝叶斯方法，旨在消除直接（实验室应用）或间接（现场应用）测量的波浪力的不良影响。本文介绍了该方法的三种应用：i) 提供了 MATLAB® 程序的合成信号的理论应用，ii)实验期间收集的实验室数据的实验应用，旨在模拟浅滩上圆柱体上的破碎波浪载荷，以及iii)旨在重建信号的现场应用在飓风奥菲莉亚期间，在沃尔夫岩灯塔上产生记录振动的波浪力。所提出的方法允许通过基于过程的信息先验分布包含有关破碎和破碎波浪力的现有信息，同时它还通过后验分布为结果的不确定性量化提供正式框架。

值得注意的发现是，断波载荷对于实验室和现场数据显示出相似的特征。负载时间序列的特点是初始脉冲分量由两个峰值组成，然后是一个延迟平滑的峰值。前两个峰值是由于充气锋的初始冲击和先前由初始冲击加速向上的下降水团的突然减速。第三个不那么强烈的峰值是由于圆柱体和单个波浪携带的剩余水体之间的相互作用。

最后，该方法允许正确识别脉冲加载分量的长度。讨论了这个长度对使用脉冲理论评估或设计海洋结构的影响。