The emergence of nanomaterial arouses the development of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) in membrane separation technology. The incorporation of nanofillers into the TFN selective layer enhanced the membrane pure water permeability (PWP) with a slight improvement or even deterioration on the salt rejection. This trade-off is mainly due to the agglomeration of nanofillers, poor interactions between nanofiller and polymer matrix, and the formation of defects in the TFN selective layer. Hence, it is critical to explore and understand the fundamental knowledge of the effects of the shape/structure of nanofillers or interfacial polymerization methods on TFN membranes. This review summarizes the emerging development of TFN membranes incorporated with porous and non-porous nanofillers in the past 5 years, followed by the highlights of the effects of shape/structure of nanofillers on the TFN selective layer. Different shape/structure of nanofillers will influence the transport mechanisms of water molecules and solutes, resulting in a significant change in separation performance. Moreover, various modified interfacial polymerization methods to improve the dispersibility of nanofillers or fabrication of defect-free selective layers are discussed. The challenges and perspectives for TFN membranes are also highlighted.

纳米材料的出现引发了薄膜分离技术中薄膜纳米复合材料（TFN）的发展。将纳米填料掺入 TFN 选择层提高了膜的纯水渗透率 (PWP)，但对盐截留率略有改善甚至恶化。这种权衡主要是由于纳米填料的团聚、纳米填料与聚合物基体之间的不良相互作用以及在 TFN 选择层中形成缺陷。因此，探索和理解纳米填料的形状/结构或界面聚合方法对 TFN 膜的影响的基本知识至关重要。本综述总结了过去 5 年中掺入多孔和无孔纳米填料的 TFN 膜的新兴发展，其次是纳米填料的形状/结构对 TFN 选择性层的影响的重点。纳米填料的不同形状/结构会影响水分子和溶质的传输机制，导致分离性能发生显着变化。此外，还讨论了各种改进的界面聚合方法，以提高纳米填料的分散性或制造无缺陷的选择性层。还强调了 TFN 膜的挑战和前景。讨论了各种改进的界面聚合方法，以提高纳米填料的分散性或制造无缺陷的选择性层。还强调了 TFN 膜的挑战和前景。讨论了各种改进的界面聚合方法，以提高纳米填料的分散性或制造无缺陷的选择性层。还强调了 TFN 膜的挑战和前景。