Extreme urban heat, influenced by surface characteristics, negatively affects human thermal comfort. Understanding the thermal behaviour of different urban surface parameters (USPs) at large spatial scales is essential for strategic heat mitigation. This study evaluates USPs from several perspectives to assess their comparative effectiveness as heat mitigation strategies. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) is used to simulate the urban climate of Melbourne for summer 2019 – Australia's warmest year. Fifty-two simulations are tested to represent changes in USPs as in vegetation type, built-cover ratio, building height, green roofs and cool roofs. The results of each simulation are compared with the baseline in terms of heat indices. Roofs with high albedos are found to be the best heat mitigation for reducing daytime temperatures (0.85 albedo; −1.29 °C) while green roofs show the best nighttime efficacy (100 %, −1.15 °C). Vegetation ratio, green and cool roofs show near-linear negative relationships with heat. Cooling is found to be more effective with trees when distributed in both canyon and urban parks than only planted in street canyon. These findings underscore the significance of USP characteristics in heat mitigation that can inform strategic urban planning with spatial arrangements of green infrastructure.

受地表特征影响的城市极端高温会对人体热舒适度产生负面影响。了解大空间尺度上不同城市表面参数 (USP) 的热行为对于战略性热量缓解至关重要。本研究从多个角度评估 USP，以评估它们作为热量缓解策略的比较有效性。空气污染模型 (TAPM) 用于模拟 2019 年夏季墨尔本的城市气候——澳大利亚最温暖的一年。测试了 52 次模拟，以代表 USP 在植被类型、建筑覆盖率、建筑高度、绿色屋顶和凉爽屋顶方面的变化。将每个模拟的结果与热指数方面的基线进行比较。发现具有高反照率的屋顶是降低白天温度的最佳热缓解措施（0.85 反照率；-1. 29 °C），而绿色屋顶则显示出最佳的夜间功效（100%，-1.15 °C）。植被率、绿色屋顶和凉爽屋顶与热量呈近线性负相关。发现分布在峡谷和城市公园中的树木比仅种植在街道峡谷中更有效。这些发现强调了 USP 特性在缓解热量方面的重要性，它可以通过绿色基础设施的空间安排为战略性城市规划提供信息。