In this study, it was aimed to the improvement of adsorption capability with a novel modification method based on increasing surface activity of flaxseed waste (FW), an agricultural waste product, and the investigation of its usability as an effective adsorbent for Cu²⁺ removal. The modification method involves functionalization of FW with iron by adding FeCl₃ to medium in presence of N, N-Dimethyl-formamide, poly (N-vinyl-pyrrolidone), and hexamethylenetetramine. The effect of parameters was investigated by conventional univariate analysis. In addition, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on multivariate analysis was used to improve the performance of Cu²⁺ adsorption onto iron-modified flaxseed waste (M − FW). Cu²⁺ removal efficiency was achieved as 91.46% ± 2.34 (N = 2) at an equilibrium time of only 15 min under determined optimum conditions as Co: 75 ppm, pH: 4.7, and m: 0.23 g. RSM was successfully applied for the prediction of adsorption. Adsorption nature was as a single-layer adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity (Q_max) of 7.64 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism, determined to be chemically controlled, an exothermic and non-spontaneous process. Furthermore, pH-dependent adsorption showed that electrostatic interactions between M − FW and Cu²⁺ ions play an important role in adsorption mechanism. The results of characterization studies showed that a large surface area was provided with increased porosity of structure and desired changes occurred in target functional structures with modification. Moreover, modification and reusability of M − FW were evaluated in terms of overall sustainability and waste management. The results indicated that M − FW has potential for usability to remove heavy metals like Cu²⁺ in environmental remediation applications.

在本研究中，旨在通过提高农业废弃物亚麻籽废料 (FW) 的表面活性的新型改性方法提高吸附能力，并研究其作为去除Cu ²⁺的有效吸附剂的可用性. 改性方法包括通过在 N, N-二甲基-甲酰胺、聚（N-乙烯基-吡咯烷酮）和六亚甲基四胺存在下将 FeCl ₃添加到培养基中，用铁对 FW 进行功能化。通过常规单变量分析研究参数的影响。此外，基于多变量分析的响应面方法 (RSM) 用于提高 Cu ²⁺在铁改性亚麻籽废料 (M - FW) 上的吸附性能。铜²⁺在确定的最佳条件 Co：75 ppm、pH：4.7 和 m：0.23 g 下，仅 15 分钟的平衡时间实现了 91.46% ± 2.34（N = 2）的去除效率。RSM 已成功应用于吸附预测。吸附性质为单层吸附，最大吸附容量 ( Q _max ) 为 7.64 mg/g。吸附机制，确定为化学控制，放热和非自发过程。此外，pH 依赖性吸附表明 M − FW 和 Cu ²⁺之间的静电相互作用离子在吸附机理中起重要作用。表征研究的结果表明，随着结构孔隙率的增加，提供了大的表面积，并且随着修饰在目标功能结构中发生了所需的变化。此外，从整体可持续性和废物管理方面评估了 M - FW 的修改和可重用性。结果表明，M - FW在环境修复应用中具有去除重金属如 Cu ^{2+ 的}潜力。