Temperate fruit trees can enter dormancy during autumn-winter and resume active phenological development in spring in response to warm conditions. In a global warming context, recent temperature dynamics are causing changes in phenology and flowering that directly affect fruit production and yield. However, understanding how temperature regulates phenology remains a challenge. In this work, we analyzed the temperature response periods, agroclimatic requirements and sensitivity to temperature changes of 20 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars. We used Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression to correlate bloom dates with daily chill accumulation according to the Dynamic Model (in Chill Portions; CP) and heat accumulation according to the Growing Degree Hours model (in Growing Degree Hours; GDH) for a 20-year record from Zaragoza, Spain. The chilling periods contained several phases that clearly contributed to chill accumulation, which were disrupted by periods with no significant model coefficients. The forcing periods were reflected by consistently negative model coefficients. Chill requirements ranged from 51.6 CP to 65.2 CP, from 779 CH to 1,008 CH, and from 728 CU to 1,150 CU. The heat requirements ranged from 4,994 GDH to 7,315 GDH. Depending on the cultivar, flowering dates were determined by temperatures during both chilling and forcing phases or almost exclusively by conditions during the chilling phase. Delays of sweet cherry flowering dates appeared to arise as a response to a decrease in chill and heat accumulation by about 7 CP and about 390 GDH over the past 30 years.

温带果树可以在秋冬季进入休眠状态，并在春季响应温暖条件恢复活跃的物候发育。在全球变暖的背景下，最近的温度动态正在引起物候和开花的变化，直接影响水果的生产和产量。然而，了解温度如何调节物候仍然是一个挑战。在这项工作中，我们分析了 20 种甜樱桃（Prunus avium ）的温度响应期、农业气候要求和对温度变化的敏感性。L.) 栽培品种。我们使用偏最小二乘法 (PLS) 回归将开花日期与根据动态模型（在寒冷部分；CP）中的每日寒冷积累和根据生长期时间模型（在生长期时间；GDH）中的热量积累相关联 20 - 西班牙萨拉戈萨的年度记录。寒冷期包含几个明显有助于寒冷积累的阶段，这些阶段被没有显着模型系数的时期打乱。强迫周期由始终为负的模型系数反映出来。冷却要求范围从 51.6 CP 到 65.2 CP，从 779 CH 到 1,008 CH，以及从 728 CU 到 1,150 CU。热量需求范围从 4,994 GDH 到 7,315 GDH。根据品种不同，开花日期由冷却和强迫阶段的温度决定，或者几乎完全由冷却阶段的条件决定。甜樱桃开花日期的延迟似乎是对过去 30 年冷热积累减少约 7 CP 和约 390 GDH 的反应。