As a temporary anchorage technique, recoverable anchors have been widely adopted in excavation supporting and underground mining for their unique economic and social merits. The current study attempts to investigate the load-transfer behavior of recoverable anchors in layer soils. The interaction between soil and grout was characterized by a new developed disturbed state concept (DSC) model, in which the interface normal stress was considered. The good agreement between predictions and experimental results from element pullout tests and interface direct shear tests validated the extensive applicability of the DSC model. A theoretical modeling framework for load-transfer behavior of recoverable anchors in layer soils was proposed based on finite difference method, in which the soil-grout interactions were simulated by the DSC model. 3D finite element (FE) models were developed to simulate the pullout behavior of recoverable anchors. The results obtained from theoretical modeling and FE simulations were discussed in detail. Comparisons with numerical simulations and in-situ test data have led to the validation of the theoretical modeling framework. Finally, parametric studies were presented. Application of this work is to evaluate the pullout capacity of recoverable anchors, which can provide theoretical guidance for the design practice of anchoring engineering.

可回收锚栓作为一种临时锚固技术，以其独特的经济和社会效益被广泛应用于基坑支护和地下采矿。当前的研究试图研究可恢复锚在层状土壤中的载荷传递行为。土壤和灌浆之间的相互作用通过新开发的扰动状态概念 (DSC) 模型进行表征，其中考虑了界面法向应力。单元拔出试验和界面直剪试验的预测和实验结果之间的良好一致性验证了 DSC 模型的广泛适用性。基于有限差分法，提出了层土中可恢复锚杆荷载传递行为的理论建模框架，其中土浆相互作用采用DSC模型进行模拟。开发了 3D 有限元 (FE) 模型来模拟可恢复锚的拔出行为。详细讨论了从理论建模和有限元模拟中获得的结果。与数值模拟和原位测试数据的比较导致了理论建模框架的验证。最后，提出了参数研究。本工作的应用是评价可回收锚的抗拔能力，可为锚固工程的设计实践提供理论指导。提出了参数研究。本工作的应用是评价可回收锚的抗拔能力，可为锚固工程的设计实践提供理论指导。提出了参数研究。本工作的应用是评价可回收锚的抗拔能力，可为锚固工程的设计实践提供理论指导。