ABSTRACT

A study was conducted at Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan, during 2018–2020 to explore the optimum sowing date, the most productive quinoa genotype, and appropriate sowing method. Sowing dates were 15 October, 30 October, 14 November and 29 November. Two sowing methods (ridge vs. flat sowing) and three farmer varieties (RBDC-I, RBDC-II and RBDC-III) and one approved quinoa line (Q7) were tested in a split split-plot design replicated thrice. Results revealed that quinoa sown on 14 November produced significantly higher panicle length (19.2 cm), 1000-grains weight (2.9 g) and grain yield (2063 kg ha⁻¹) compared with other sowing dates. G × SM interaction revealed that RBDC-II sown on ridge produced higher main panicle length (25.4 cm), 1000-grains weight (3.3 g) and grain yield (3171 kg ha⁻¹) compared with other G × SM interaction. Ridge sowing had a higher harvest index (44.5%) than flat-line sowing (35.4%). The results suggested that RBDC-II was the most productive quinoa genotype, which produced 69%, 36% and 77% higher yield over RBDC-I, RBDC-III and Q7, respectively. Sowing on 14 November produced 5–11% and 37.5% more yield compared with earlier and later sown quinoa, respectively. Moreover, ridge sowing was superior to flat sowing by producing 50% more yield.

摘要

2018 年至 2020 年期间，在巴基斯坦 DI Khan 的 Gomal 大学进行了一项研究，以探索最佳播种日期、最高产的藜麦基因型和合适的播种方法。播种日期为 10 月 15 日、10 月 30 日、11 月 14 日和 11 月 29 日。两种播种方法（垄播与平播）和三种农民品种（RBDC-I、RBDC-II 和 RBDC-III）和一种经批准的藜麦品系 (Q7) 在裂区设计中重复三次进行了测试。结果表明，与其他播种日期相比，11 月 14 日播种的藜麦穗长（19.2 cm）、千粒重（2.9 g）和谷物产量（2063 kg ha ^{-1 ）显着增加。}G × SM 相互作用表明，在垄上播种的 RBDC-II 产生更高的主穗长（25.4 cm）、千粒重（3.3 g）和粮食产量（3171 kg ha ^-1) 与其他 G × SM 交互作用相比。垄播的收获指数（44.5%）高于平线播种（35.4%）。结果表明，RBDC-II 是产量最高的藜麦基因型，其产量分别比 RBDC-I、RBDC-III 和 Q7 高 69%、36% 和 77%。与早播和晚播藜麦相比，11 月 14 日播种的产量分别提高了 5-11% 和 37.5%。此外，垄播优于平播，产量提高 50%。