The present research work reports the biosynthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from eggshells and green synthesis of HAp from eggshells with incorporation of leaf extract (PBL-HAp) using microwave conversion method. Although there are several works on synthesis of HAp from eggshells and other calcium and phosphorus rich substrates, the incorporation of herbal extract with HAp to promote antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity is less explored and reported. This research work highlights a simple and cost-effective method for development of antimicrobial biomaterials by combining the concepts of waste management, biomaterial science, and herbal medicine. In the present study, characterization of synthesized HAp was applied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The characterization results indicated that the prepared HAp and PBL-HAp were pure b-type carbonated HAp. The PBL-HAp was checked for its antibacterial activity using the well diffusion method and biofilm inhibitory activity by crystal violet assay against some common pathogens. The antibacterial activities against and biofilm inhibitory activities against , , and of leaf extract coated HAp (PBL-HAp) were showed to be significant and offered a promising role for the development of potent dental biomaterials.

中文翻译：

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蛋壳生物废弃物利用蒌叶提取物绿色合成羟基磷灰石-抗菌和抗生物膜活性评价


目前的研究工作报道了利用微波转化方法从蛋壳中生物合成羟基磷灰石（HAp）以及从蛋壳中掺入叶提取物（PBL-HAp）绿色合成HAp。尽管有几项关于从蛋壳和其他富含钙和磷的底物合成 HAp 的研究，但将草药提取物与 HAp 结合以促进抗菌和抗生物膜活性的探索和报道较少。这项研究工作结合了废物管理、生物材料科学和草药的概念，强调了一种简单且经济有效的抗菌生物材料开发方法。在本研究中，通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱、质子核磁共振 (1H NMR) 光谱以及使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和透射的形态分析来表征合成的 HAp电子显微镜 (TEM)。表征结果表明制备的HAp和PBL-HAp均为纯b型碳酸化HAp。使用孔扩散法检查 PBL-HAp 的抗菌活性，并通过结晶紫测定检查对一些常见病原体的生物膜抑制活性。叶提取物包被的 HAp (PBL-HAp) 对 、 、 和 的抗菌活性和生物膜抑制活性被证明是显着的，并为有效的牙科生物材料的开发提供了有希望的作用。