Metal dyshomeostasis plays a significant role in various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and many more. Like studies investigating the proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, microbiome, etc., for years, metallomics studies have focused on data from their domain, i.e., trace metal composition, only. Still, few have considered the links between other ‘omes,’ which may together result in an individual’s specific pathologies. In particular, ASD have been reported to have multitudes of possible causal effects. Metallomics data focusing on metal deficiencies and dyshomeostasis can be linked to functions of metalloenzymes, metal transporters, and transcription factors, thus affecting the proteome and transcriptome. Furthermore, recent studies in ASD have emphasized the gut-brain axis, with alterations in the microbiome being linked to changes in the metabolome and inflammatory processes. However, the microbiome and other ‘omes’ are heavily influenced by the metallome. Thus, here, we will summarize the known implications of a changed metallome for other ‘omes’ in the body in the context of ‘omics’ studies in ASD. We will highlight possible connections and propose a model that may explain the so far independently reported pathologies in ASD.

中文翻译：

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Metallome 作为自闭症谱系障碍中“Omes”之间的联系

金属稳态失调在各种神经系统疾病中起着重要作用，例如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 等。与研究蛋白质组、转录组、表观基因组、微生物组等的研究一样，多年来，金属组学研究只关注其领域的数据，即痕量金属成分。尽管如此，很少有人考虑其他“组”之间的联系，这可能共同导致个人的特定病理。特别是，据报道 ASD 具有多种可能的因果关系。专注于金属缺乏和体内平衡失调的金属组学数据可以与金属酶、金属转运蛋白和转录因子的功能联系起来，从而影响蛋白质组和转录组。此外，最近 ASD 的研究强调了肠 - 脑轴，微生物组的变化与代谢组和炎症过程的变化有关。然而，微生物组和其他“组”受到金属组的严重影响。因此，在这里，我们将在 ASD 的“组学”研究背景下总结金属组变化对身体其他“组”的已知影响。我们将强调可能的联系并提出一个模型，该模型可以解释迄今为止独立报告的 ASD 病理。