Depletion of shallow mineral resources caused by deep mining has become an inevitable trend, and deep mining can increase safety accidents and geological hazards. Overburden in a mined-out area is affected by mining disturbances, resulting in its subsidence or collapse, posing a threat to downhole safety and surface ecology. To identify the limitations of existing models, they were studied and analyzed for predicting the overburden movement in a current goaf. Based on the actual dynamic settlement of the overburden at a mine project site, the type and time relationship of the overburden settlement in the goaf is studied. Considering the influence of the deep overburden by self-gravity and tectonic stresses and combining with the Knothe time function, the overburden settlement is classified into four types: (I) sinking at a constant speed, (II) accelerated sinking until collapse, (III) initial accelerated sinking, followed by deceleration of sinking, and finally reaching a stable state, and (IV) initial accelerated sinking, followed by decelerated sinking, and finally accelerated sinking until collapse. A new method for predicting the dynamics of overburden settlement in mined-out areas is proposed based on the relationship between the settlement time, space, and volume. A dynamic prediction model of the settlement dynamics in the mining overburden in a mined-out area was constructed, which can predict the settlement patterns of various types of mine overburden. Finally, the results predicted by the model were validated by real engineering cases and were found to be in good agreement with the actual test results.

深部开采造成浅层矿产资源枯竭已成为必然趋势，深部开采会增加安全事故和地质灾害。采空区的覆盖层受采矿扰动影响，导致其下沉或坍塌，对井下安全和地表生态构成威胁。为了确定现有模型的局限性，对它们进行了研究和分析，以预测当前采空区中的覆盖层运动。结合某矿山工程现场覆土动态沉降的实际情况，研究了采空区覆土沉降的类型与时间关系。考虑深部覆土受自重力和构造应力的影响，结合Knothe时间函数，将覆土沉降分为四种类型：(I)恒速下沉，(II) 加速下沉直至坍塌； (III) 初始加速下沉，随后下沉减速，最终达到稳定状态； (IV) 初始加速下沉，随后减速下沉，最后加速下沉直至坍塌。基于沉降时间、空间和体积之间的关系，提出了一种预测采空区覆土沉降动态的新方法。构建了采空区开采覆土沉降动态动态预测模型，可预测各类矿山覆土的沉降规律。最后，模型预测的结果经过实际工程案例验证，与实际测试结果吻合较好。然后下沉减速，最终达到稳定状态，（IV）开始加速下沉，然后减速下沉，最后加速下沉直至坍塌。基于沉降时间、空间和体积之间的关系，提出了一种预测采空区覆土沉降动态的新方法。构建了采空区开采覆土沉降动态动态预测模型，可预测各类矿山覆土的沉降规律。最后，模型预测的结果经过实际工程案例验证，与实际测试结果吻合较好。然后下沉减速，最终达到稳定状态，（IV）开始加速下沉，然后减速下沉，最后加速下沉直至坍塌。基于沉降时间、空间和体积之间的关系，提出了一种预测采空区覆土沉降动态的新方法。构建了采空区开采覆土沉降动态动态预测模型，可预测各类矿山覆土的沉降规律。最后，模型预测的结果经过实际工程案例验证，与实际测试结果吻合较好。并最终加速下沉直至崩塌。基于沉降时间、空间和体积之间的关系，提出了一种预测采空区覆土沉降动态的新方法。构建了采空区开采覆土沉降动态动态预测模型，可预测各类矿山覆土的沉降规律。最后，模型预测的结果经过实际工程案例验证，与实际测试结果吻合较好。并最终加速下沉直至崩塌。基于沉降时间、空间和体积之间的关系，提出了一种预测采空区覆土沉降动态的新方法。构建了采空区开采覆土沉降动态动态预测模型，可预测各类矿山覆土的沉降规律。最后，模型预测的结果经过实际工程案例验证，与实际测试结果吻合较好。构建了采空区开采覆土沉降动态动态预测模型，可预测各类矿山覆土的沉降规律。最后，模型预测的结果经过实际工程案例验证，与实际测试结果吻合较好。构建了采空区开采覆土沉降动态动态预测模型，可预测各类矿山覆土的沉降规律。最后，模型预测的结果经过实际工程案例验证，与实际测试结果吻合较好。