With the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources into the power grid, the intermittency property of non-conventional sources has made it compulsory to propose an appropriate controlling system so as to have maximum utilization of the clean energy resources. The idea of utilizing a photovoltaic (PV) system inverter integrated with grid as STATCOM is termed as PV-STATCOM has been used to demonstrate the behaviour of two different controllers: d−q frame PLL-based and VSM-based controllers. Both controllers are compared to a PV-STATCOM system integrated into the power grid, which is simulated at various electrical contingencies to determine their dependability and proficiency. The article starts with a brief explanation of virtual synchronous machine (VSM) and its area of utilization. The study system with PLL-based and VSM-based controller is then simulated with 3-level and 5-level multilevel inverters separately for sudden load changes, fault analysis, FFT analysis and voltage sag compensation in MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, the results from these cases are evaluated, confirming that the VSM-based controller outperforms the d−q frame PLL-based controller in terms of measuring voltage transients during sudden load changes, voltage and current magnitudes during ground faults, and exhibiting low THD levels.

随着分布式能源在电网中的渗透率越来越高，非常规能源的间歇性使得提出合适的控制系统成为必要，以最大限度地利用清洁能源。利用与电网集成的光伏 (PV) 系统逆变器作为 STATCOM 的想法被称为 PV-STATCOM 已被用于演示两种不同控制器的行为：d - q帧基于 PLL 和基于 VSM 的控制器。两种控制器都与集成到电网中的 PV-STATCOM 系统进行比较，该系统在各种电力突发事件下进行模拟，以确定它们的可靠性和熟练程度。本文首先简要说明虚拟同步机 (VSM) 及其使用领域。然后使用 3 电平和 5 电平多电平逆变器分别对具有基于 PLL 和基于 VSM 的控制器的研究系统进行仿真，以在 MATLAB/Simulink 中进行负载突变、故障分析、FFT 分析和电压暂降补偿。最后，评估这些案例的结果，确认基于 VSM 的控制器优于d - q 框架基于 PLL 的控制器在负载突然变化期间测量电压瞬变、接地故障期间的电压和电流幅度以及表现出低 THD 水平。