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A twilight for the complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA process
npj Clean Water ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-14 , DOI: 10.1038/s41545-021-00122-5
Hafiz Adeel Ahmad , Beibei Guo , Xuming Zhuang , Yiyi Zhao , Shakeel Ahmad , Taeho Lee , Jiegao Zhu , Yuliang Dong , Shou-Qing Ni

The prolonged start-up time and low total nitrogen removal of anammox hinder its full-scale application. Herein, application of nano-zerovalent iron and low strength magnetic field in sole and in combination to abbreviate the start-up period and long-term process stability of anammox was carried out. The reactor’s anammox start-up with the only magnetic field (R3) was 34 days, saving 43.3% time compared with the control. The increase of nitrogen removal efficiency over the control was 43.7% during the start-up period. However, the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zerovalent iron and magnetic field (R4) was more stable with higher nitrogen removal efficiency (80%) at high nitrogen loading (5.28 kg/m3/d). Anammox gene copy number in R4 was highest after 180 days of culture, followed by nano-zerovalent iron (R2) and R3 reactor. The functional genes of denitrifying bacteria (nirK and nirS) were also identified in all reactors with higher copy numbers in R2, followed by R4 and R3. Furthermore, high throughput analysis showed that the Thauera performing partial denitrification, Ignavibacterium performing dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium or nitrite were also present in all reactors, more abundant in R4, confirming that the higher nitrogen removal efficiency in R4 was attributed to the synergistic relationship of other nitrogenous genera with anammox. The higher abundance of PD and DNRA in the reactor with the coupled treatment of nano-zero valent iron and magnetic field, achieved in this research, opens the opportunity of complete nitrogen removal via synergistic partial-denitrification, anammox, and DNRA (SPDAD) process.



中文翻译:

通过协同部分反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和 DNRA 工艺实现完全脱氮的曙光

厌氧氨氧化的启动时间延长和总氮去除率低阻碍了其全面应用。在此,进行了纳米零价铁和低强度磁场的单独和组合应用,以缩短厌氧氨氧化的启动周期和长期工艺稳定性。该反应器在仅有磁场 (R3) 下的厌氧氨氧化启动时间为 34 天,与对照相比节省了 43.3% 的时间。启动期脱氮效率较对照提高43.7%。然而,纳米零价铁和磁场(R4)耦合处理的反应器在高氮负荷(5.28 kg/m 3)下更稳定,脱氮效率更高(80%)。/d)。培养180天后,R4中Anammox基因拷贝数最高,其次是纳米零价铁(R2)和R3反应器。反硝化细菌的功能基因(nirK 和 nirS)也在 R2 中拷贝数较高的所有反应器中得到鉴定,其次是 R4 和 R3。此外,高通量分析表明,Thauera进行部分反硝化,Ignavibacterium将硝酸盐异化还原为铵或亚硝酸盐的反应也存在于所有反应器中,在 R4 中更丰富,证实 R4 中较高的脱氮效率归因于其他含氮属与厌氧氨氧化的协同关系。在本研究中实现的反应器中更高丰度的 PD 和 DNRA 以及纳米零价铁和磁场的耦合处理,为通过协同部分反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和 DNRA (SPDAD) 工艺完全脱氮开辟了机会.

更新日期:2021-06-14
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