The dramatic improvements in synchrotron light sources across the world imply tremendous opportunities for interface science. In this Perspective, we describe a variety of current scattering and spectroscopic techniques with an eye toward how these will evolve, particularly with the advent of diffraction-limited sources. We also note the importance of in situ and operando methods for both understanding interface creation and interface evolution in different environments. As interfaces are often where critical processes occur, whether in regard to energy/chemical/materials/quantum information science, understanding the utility of these x-ray techniques will be of considerable importance to the cultivation of next-generation scientists.

中文翻译：

---

功能界面和最新技术的同步加速器研究：一个观点

世界各地同步加速器光源的巨大改进意味着界面科学的巨大机遇。在这个视角中，我们描述了各种当前的散射和光谱技术，着眼于这些技术将如何发展，特别是随着衍射限制源的出现。我们还注意到原位和操作方法对于理解不同环境中的界面创建和界面演变的重要性。由于界面往往是关键过程发生的地方，无论是在能源/化学/材料/量子信息科学方面，了解这些 X 射线技术的实用性对于培养下一代科学家都具有相当重要的意义。