Solar simulators are key facilities for conducting solar research and certification tests under a well-controlled environment. This study presents the optical design optimization of a modular low flux solar simulator to improve solar technology qualification testing. The optical system was designed as a multi-lamp array of 26 subunits. Each subunit consists of a 575 ${\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{e}}$ metal halide lamp and a parabolic reflector. The Monte Carlo ray tracing technique was used for analyzing the optical performances of the proposed design. Reflector design parameters were analyzed in detail for optimizing the uniformity of the flux distribution on the target. Results show that an average flux of 1198 W/${\mathrm{m}}^2$ over a target area of 2000 mm × 1000 mm, with a conversion efficiency of 25.7% and a sustained non-uniformity of only 1.4% was numerically achieved, predicting a Class A solar simulator for large target areas. A shutter curtain was modeled and introduced between the light source and the target for flux regulation, achieving average flux levels ranging from 1162 to 105 W/${\mathrm{m}}^2$ with a resolution of approximately 100 W/${\mathrm{m}}^2$. The modular nature of this design has the great advantage that it could be easily scaled according to the test requirements of potential solar systems.

太阳能模拟器是在良好控制的环境下进行太阳能研究和认证测试的关键设施。本研究介绍了模块化低通量太阳能模拟器的光学设计优化，以改进太阳能技术资格测试。光学系统被设计为一个由 26 个子单元组成的多灯阵列。每个亚基由 575 个${\mathrm{宽}}_{\mathrm{电子}}$金属卤化物灯和抛物面反射器。蒙特卡罗光线追踪技术用于分析所提出设计的光学性能。详细分析了反射器设计参数，以优化目标上通量分布的均匀性。结果表明，平均通量为 1198 W/${\mathrm{米}}^2$在 2000 mm × 1000 mm 的目标区域上，在数值上实现了 25.7% 的转换效率和仅 1.4% 的持续不均匀性，预测了大目标区域的 A 级太阳模拟器。在光源和目标之间建模并引入了用于通量调节的快门帘，实现了从 1162 到 105 W/的平均通量水平${\mathrm{米}}^2$ 分辨率约为 100 W/${\mathrm{米}}^2$. 这种设计的模块化特性具有很大的优势，可以根据潜在太阳能系统的测试要求轻松扩展。