Void defects directly affect the dynamic response of tunnels. These defects have been recognised as an important factor that exacerbates seismic damage and the destruction of tunnel linings. Existing studies that consider the tunnel-void dynamic interaction use deterministic analysis methods, but they lack a quantitative analysis based on a probability method, which can reflect the random nature of earthquakes and structures. In the present work, a series of 2D nonlinear dynamic analyses of tunnel seismic response that consider the tunnel-void interaction is carried out by using the incremental dynamic analysis method. The automatic extraction of the resulting data and the calculation of the maximum damage index (DI_max) during the seismic response process are performed by a Python program. The fragility curves of the tunnels are obtained with consideration of void defects. The effects of void type, void location, void size, surrounding rock classification and seismic direction on the vulnerability of the tunnels are investigated. Results show that void size and type and surrounding rock condition exert considerable effects on the seismic vulnerability of tunnels. The presence of voids behind linings leads to increased tunnel vulnerability, which presents a nonlinear increase with the increment of void size. The degree of influence of void size on vulnerability varies with void location. Tunnels with voids between surrounding rocks and the primary support are more vulnerable than those with voids between the primary support and the secondary lining. Hence, void type cannot be ignored. The effects of voids on vulnerability become evident when tunnels are embedded in weak surrounding rocks. The vulnerability under the horizontal seismic direction is apparently greater than that under the vertical direction at the same seismic intensity. However, the sensitivities of vulnerability to seismic directions vary with different void locations.

空洞缺陷直接影响隧道的动力响应。这些缺陷已被认为是加剧地震破坏和隧道衬砌破坏的重要因素。现有考虑隧道-空隙动力相互作用的研究使用确定性分析方法，但缺乏基于概率方法的定量分析，可以反映地震和结构的随机性。在目前的工作中，使用增量动力分析方法进行了一系列考虑隧道-空隙相互作用的隧道地震响应的二维非线性动力分析。自动提取结果数据并计算最大损伤指数（DI _max) 在地震响应过程中由 Python 程序执行。隧道的脆性曲线是在考虑空隙缺陷的情况下获得的。研究了空隙类型、空隙位置、空隙尺寸、围岩分类和地震方向对隧道脆弱性的影响。结果表明，孔隙大小、类型和围岩条件对隧道的地震易损性有相当大的影响。衬砌后面空隙的存在导致隧道脆弱性增加，随着空隙尺寸的增加呈现非线性增加。空隙尺寸对易损性的影响程度随空隙位置而变化。围岩与主要支护之间存在空隙的隧道比一次支护与二次衬砌之间存在空隙的隧道更脆弱。因此，void 类型不能被忽略。当隧道嵌入脆弱的围岩中时，空隙对脆弱性的影响变得明显。在相同的地震烈度下，水平地震方向下的脆弱性明显大于垂直方向下的脆弱性。然而，脆弱性对地震方向的敏感性因空洞位置不同而异。