The importance of infant social-emotional development for outcomes across the lifecourse has been amply demonstrated. Despite this, most screening measures of social-emotional development are designed for children 18 months of age and over, with a clear gap in earlier infancy. No systematic review has yet harvested the evidence for candidate indicators in the perinatal window. This paper examines modifiable risk and protective factors for two seminal early markers of social-emotional development: attachment security and behavioral regulation mid-infancy. We searched meta-analytic and longitudinal studies of developmental relationships between modifiable exposures in the perinatal window (pregnancy to 10 months postpartum) and attachment and behavioral regulation status measured between 12 and 18 months. Six electronic databases were used: ERIC, PsycINFO, Medline Complete, Informit, Embase, and Scopus. Twelve meta-analytic reviews and 38 original studies found replicated evidence for 12 indicators across infant, caregiving, and contextual domains predictive of infant behavioral regulation and attachment status between 12 and 18 months. Key among these were caregiving responsiveness, maternal mental health, couple relationship, and SES as a contextual factor. Perinatal factors most proximal to the infant had the strongest associations with social-emotional status. Beyond very low birthweight and medical risk, evidence for infant-specific factors was weaker. Risk and protective relationships were related but not always inverse. Findings from this review have the potential to inform the development of reliable tools for early screening of infant social-emotional development for application in primary care and population health contexts.

婴儿社会情感发展对整个生命过程结果的重要性已得到充分证明。尽管如此，大多数社会情感发展的筛查措施是为 18 个月及以上的儿童设计的，在婴儿早期存在明显差距。目前还没有系统评价收集到围产期候选指标的证据。本文研究了社会情感发展的两个开创性早期标志的可改变风险和保护因素：依恋安全和婴儿中期的行为调节。我们检索了围产期（怀孕至产后 10 个月）可修改暴露与 12 至 18 个月之间测量的依恋和行为调节状态之间的发育关系的元分析和纵向研究。使用了六个电子数据库：ERIC、PsycINFO、Medline Complete、Informit、Embase 和 Scopus。12 项元分析评论和 38 项原始研究发现了 12 项指标的重复证据，这些指标涵盖婴儿、护理和情境领域，可预测 12 至 18 个月之间的婴儿行为调节和依恋状态。其中的关键是照顾反应能力、孕产妇心理健康、夫妻关系和作为背景因素的社会经济地位。最接近婴儿的围产期因素与社会情绪状态的关联最强。除了极低的出生体重和医疗风险之外，婴儿特定因素的证据较弱。风险和保护关系是相关的，但并不总是相反的。