ABSTRACT

Despite colonial echoes, settlement schemes represent a major element in ‘nation-building’ endeavours in Tanzania's history. Their evolution through the 1960s was circuitous and haphazard. This article explores the origins of one of the earliest schemes linked to Julius Nyerere and TANU: the Kilombero Settlement Scheme (KSS). It traces its origins from 1959 and ragged progress over the subsequent decade before its eventual transmutation under Ujamaa. Nyerere personally promoted KSS and its basic premise in sending unemployed men from cities to uncleared countryside to grow sugar cane for sale to a local factory. The scheme's extended trajectory reveals its palimpsestic nature through a history layered by different approaches to the reorganisation of rural life in Tanzania. This was an embryonic testing ground, both in terms of the politics of resettlement and of funding development projects of this kind. For one of the surviving settlers, they were ‘Nyerere's People’ as ideologies met practical realities. KSS was flawed but resilient. For its failures more than its successes, it became an important model in Tanzania's programme of social development for understanding the challenges of rural transformation.

摘要

尽管有殖民地的回声，定居计划代表了坦桑尼亚历史上“国家建设”努力的一个主要因素。他们在 1960 年代的演变是迂回而随意的。本文探讨了与 Julius Nyerere 和 TANU 相关的最早计划之一的起源：Kilombero Settlement Scheme (KSS)。它追溯了 1959 年的起源，并在随后的十年间取得了长足的进步，最终在Ujamaa 领导下发生了嬗变. 尼雷尔亲自宣传 KSS 及其将失业男子从城市送到未清理过的农村种植甘蔗出售给当地工厂的基本前提。该计划的延伸轨迹通过由不同方法对坦桑尼亚农村生活的重组进行分层的历史揭示了它的翻版性质。这是一个胚胎试验场，无论是在重新安置的政治方面，还是在资助此类发展项目方面。对于幸存的定居者之一来说，他们是“尼雷尔人民”，因为意识形态与现实相结合。KSS 有缺陷但有弹性。由于失败多于成功，它成为坦桑尼亚社会发展计划中理解农村转型挑战的重要模式。