Current wargaming techniques are effective training and research instruments for military scenarios with fixed tools and boundaries on the problem. Control cells composed of officiants adjudicating and evaluating moves enforce these boundaries. Real-world crises, however, unfold in several dimensions in a chaotic context, a condition requiring decision-making under deep uncertainty. In this article, we assess how pedagogical exercises can be designed to effectively capture this level of complexity and describe a new framework for developing deeply immersive exercises. We propose a method for designing crisis environments that are dynamic, deep, and decentralized (3D). These obviate the need for a control cell and enhance the usefulness of exercises in preparing military and policy practitioners by better replicating real-world decision-making dynamics. This paper presents the application of this 3D method, which integrates findings from wargame and negotiation simulation design into immersive crisis exercises. We share observations from the research, design, and execution of “Red Horizon,” an immersive crisis exercise held three times at Harvard University with senior civilian and military participants from multiple countries. It further explores connections to contemporary trends in international relations scholarship.

中文翻译：

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与细胞共处地狱：沉浸式治国之道教育的案例

当前的兵棋推演技术是针对具有固定工具和问题边界的军事场景的有效训练和研究工具。由裁判和评估动作的裁判组成的控制单元加强了这些边界。然而，现实世界的危机在混乱的环境中以多个维度展开，这种情况需要在高度不确定的情况下做出决策。在本文中，我们评估了如何设计教学练习以有效捕捉这种复杂程度，并描述一个用于开发深度沉浸式练习的新框架。我们提出了一种设计动态、深度和分散 (3D) 危机环境的方法。这些消除了对控制单元的需求，并通过更好地复制现实世界的决策动态，增强了演习在准备军事和政策从业人员方面的有用性。本文介绍了这种 3D 方法的应用，该方法将兵棋推演和谈判模拟设计的结果整合到沉浸式危机演习中。我们分享了对“红色地平线”的研究、设计和执行的观察，这是一项在哈佛大学与来自多个国家的高级文职和军事参与者举行了三届的沉浸式危机演习。它进一步探讨了与国际关系学术当代趋势的联系。我们分享了对“红色地平线”的研究、设计和执行的观察，这是一项在哈佛大学举行的沉浸式危机演习，与来自多个国家的高级文职和军事参与者一起举行了三次。它进一步探讨了与国际关系学术当代趋势的联系。我们分享了对“红色地平线”的研究、设计和执行的观察，这是一项在哈佛大学举行的沉浸式危机演习，与来自多个国家的高级文职和军事参与者一起举行了三次。它进一步探讨了与国际关系学术当代趋势的联系。