Nanomaterial is an emerging material with potential technological impacts in various applications. It imposes great opportunities in various disciplines including wastewater remediation. Industrial wastewater is generated with anthropogenic activities and is the most environmental threat that needs remediation to overcome the environmental damages, thereby reducing human risks. Currently, several wastewater treatment techniques are applied and the utilization of nanomaterials for pollutant removal is an emerging technology. This is evident that the publication trends in the field of iron-based wastewater have been drastically increased. In this work, the overview of the preparation of iron-based nanoparticles, such as different polymorphs of iron-oxides, oxyhydroxides, iron hydroxide, and zero-valent iron nanoparticles are reviewed. In addition to the detailed discussion on the preparation of iron-based nanoparticles, their application on waste water treatment, removal mechanisms, advantages, and limitations are also assessed and discussed. Moreover, the iron-based nanoparticles' removal efficiency for specific pollutants and perspective in environmental remediation are also analyzed. Additionally, the advancements and future perspectives of iron-based nanoparticles are highlighted.

纳米材料是一种新兴材料，在各种应用中具有潜在的技术影响。它为包括废水修复在内的各个学科带来了巨大的机会。工业废水是人为活动产生的，是最大的环境威胁，需要修复以克服环境破坏，从而降低人类风险。目前，应用了多种废水处理技术，利用纳米材料去除污染物是一项新兴技术。这显然是铁基废水领域的发表趋势急剧增加。在这项工作中，综述了铁基纳米粒子的制备概述，例如不同多晶型的氧化铁、羟基氧化物、氢氧化铁和零价铁纳米粒子。除了对铁基纳米粒子的制备进行详细讨论外，还评估和讨论了它们在废水处理中的应用、去除机制、优点和局限性。此外，还分析了铁基纳米粒子对特定污染物的去除效率和环境修复前景。此外，强调了铁基纳米粒子的进步和未来前景。