ABSTRACT

Rather than interpreting President Nursultan Nazarbayev’s nation-building model of Kazakhstani-ness as a balance between civic and ethnic forms of nation-building, we show that Kazakhstani-ness was styled on Leonid Brezhnev’s supranational modern identity of the Soviet People. We explore three similarities by comparing rulers’ discursive aspirational statements (rather than historical policy trajectories) in a single case study of Kazakhstan. Both discursive models were based on teleological supranational state ideology, both were depicted as modern and advanced, and both modelled the new identity on the language and culture of ethnic majority. We used thematic discourse analysis in over 50 government documents and speeches of leaders to illustrate our argument. This case presents bigger lessons for regime’s power of defining the national membership in post-Soviet Kazakhstan and beyond.

摘要

我们没有将 Nursultan Nazarbayev 总统的哈萨克斯坦国家建设模式解释为国家建设的公民和种族形式之间的平衡，而是表明哈萨克斯坦是根据勃列日涅夫的苏联人民的超国家现代身份来设计的. 我们通过在哈萨克斯坦的一个案例研究中比较统治者的话语愿望陈述（而不是历史政策轨迹）来探索三个相似之处。两种话语模型都基于目的论的超民族国家意识形态，都被描绘为现代和先进的，并且都以多数族群的语言和文化为模型。我们在 50 多份政府文件和领导人讲话中使用主题话语分析来说明我们的论点。这个案例为政权定义后苏联哈萨克斯坦及其他地区的国民成员资格的权力提供了更大的教训。