Available freshwater resources are becoming harder to obtain due to climate change, population growth, industrial development, and water pollution. The main technologies in the field of wastewater desalination include reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, thermal distillation, and adsorption etc. Capacitive deionization technology (CDI) belongs to a novel electrochemical desalination technology with low energy consumption and low environmental impact, simple equipment structure and convenient operation. With the importance of wastewater desalination highlighted, some great technological progress of CDI has been made in electrode materials, reactor structure and the hybrid process. In this paper, the development of CDI technology was expounded from three aspects to achieve the goal of strong adaptability, low cost and strong adsorption capacity by analysis of the latest research papers. Corresponding improved methods of CDI are summarized to solve the main technology bottlenecks such as the inefficient and vulnerable electrode materials, low selectivity and unreasonable unit structure, and limitations of single CDI unit for promoting the continuous development of CDI technology.

由于气候变化、人口增长、工业发展和水污染，可用淡水资源变得越来越难获得。废水淡化领域的主要技术有反渗透、电渗析、热蒸馏、吸附等。电容去离子技术（CDI）属于一种新型电化学脱盐技术，能耗低、环境影响小、设备结构简单、操作方便。随着废水淡化的重要性凸显，CDI在电极材料、反应器结构和混合工艺方面取得了一些重大技术进步。本文通过对最新研究论文的分析，从三个方面阐述了CDI技术的发展，以达到适应性强、成本低、吸附能力强的目标。针对目前存在的电极材料效率低且脆弱、选择性低、单元结构不合理等主要技术瓶颈，总结了相应的CDI改进方法，