This study investigated the seasonal variations of pollutants removal and microbial activity in constructed wetland–microbial fuel cell systems (CW–MFCs). The results showed that the atmospheric temperature significantly influenced the bioelectricity generation and removal of organics and nitrogen in CW–MFCs by primarily influencing the microbial enzymatic activity. The electricity output of CW-MFCs was extremely low below 5 °C, and reached the maximum above 25 °C. The organics and nitrogen removal of closed-circuit CW–MFC reached the highest in summer and autumn, followed by spring, and decreased by an average of 10.5% COD, 14.2% NH₃-N and 10.7% TN in winter, demonstrating smaller seasonal fluctuations compared to open-circuit CW–MFC in which the difference between summer and winter was 13.4% COD, 15.1% NH₃-N and 15.1% TN. Even at low temperatures, the MFC current could enhance the enzymatic activity and stabilize the growth of microorganisms on the electrodes, moreover, the closed circuit operation can promote the bacteria diversity on CW–MFC anodes as well as the abundance of electrogens on CW–MFC anodes and cathodes, and thus reduce the adverse effect of cooling on organics and nitrogen removal in CWs. However, neither MFC nor temperature had a significant influence on phosphorus removal in CW–MFCs.

本研究调查了人工湿地-微生物燃料电池系统（CW-MFC）中污染物去除和微生物活动的季节性变化。结果表明，大气温度主要通过影响微生物酶活性，显着影响CW-MFCs中有机物和氮的生物发电和去除。CW-MFCs的电力输出在5℃以下极低，在25℃以上达到最大值。闭路CW-MFC对有机物和氮的去除在夏秋季达到最高，其次是春季，冬季平均降低10.5% COD、14.2% NH ₃ -N和10.7% TN，显示出较小的季节性与开路 CW-MFC 相比的波动，其中夏季和冬季之间的差异为 13.4% COD，15.1% NH₃ -N 和 15.1% TN。即使在低温下，MFC 电流也可以增强酶活性并稳定电极上微生物的生长，此外，闭路操作可以促进 CW-MFC 阳极上的细菌多样性以及 CW-MFC 上的丰富电原阳极和阴极，从而减少冷却对 CW 中有机物和氮去除的不利影响。然而，MFC 和温度对 CW-MFC 中的除磷没有显着影响。