The use of membranes in desalination and water treatment has been intensively studied in recent years. The conventional membranes however have various problems such as uncontrollable pore size and membrane properties, which prevents membranes from quickly responding to alteration of operating and environmental conditions. As a result the membranes are fouled, and their separation performance is lowered. The preparation of smart gating membranes inspired by cell membranes is a new method to face these challenges. Introducing stimuli-responsive functional materials into traditional porous membranes and use of hydrogels and microgels can change surface properties and membrane pore sizes under different conditions. This review shows potential of smart gating membranes in water treatment. Various types of stimuli-response such as those of thermo-, pH-, ion-, molecule-, UV light-, magnetic-, redox- and electro-responsive gating membranes along with various gel types such as those of polyelectrolyte, PNIPAM-based, self-healing hydrogels and microgel based-smart gating membranes are discussed. Design strategies, separation mechanisms and challenges in fabrication of smart gating membranes in water treatment are also presented. It is demonstrated that experimental and modeling and simulation results have to be utilized effectively to produce smart gating membranes.

近年来，人们对膜在海水淡化和水处理中的应用进行了深入研究。然而，传统的膜存在各种问题，例如无法控制的孔径和膜特性，这阻碍了膜对操作和环境条件的改变做出快速响应。结果膜被污染，并且它们的分离性能降低。受细胞膜启发而制备智能门控膜是应对这些挑战的新方法。将刺激响应功能材料引入传统多孔膜中，并使用水凝胶和微凝胶可以在不同条件下改变表面性质和膜孔径。这篇综述展示了智能门控膜在水处理中的潜力。各种类型的刺激反应，如热-、pH-、讨论了离子、分子、紫外线、磁性、氧化还原和电响应门控膜以及各种凝胶类型，如聚电解质、PNIPAM 基、自修复水凝胶和微凝胶基智能门控膜。还介绍了在水处理中制造智能门控膜的设计策略、分离机制和挑战。结果表明，必须有效地利用实验、建模和模拟结果来生产智能门控膜。还介绍了在水处理中制造智能门控膜的分离机制和挑战。结果表明，必须有效地利用实验、建模和模拟结果来生产智能门控膜。还介绍了在水处理中制造智能门控膜的分离机制和挑战。结果表明，必须有效地利用实验、建模和模拟结果来生产智能门控膜。