The Caatinga, the largest region of seasonally dry tropical forest in the Neotropics, suffers high rates of deforestation and habitat degradation, mostly due to wood extraction. As an alternative to illegal logging, governments have looked at more sustainable management schemes, allowing natural regeneration after logging through relatively long (~25-year) harvest rotations. We investigated the impacts of forest management at a 1,700-ha privately owned area located at the Araripe Plateau, in the semiarid interior of northeastern Brazil, focusing on the population parameters of 8 avian species. The property was subdivided into 22 forest stands, where a different stand has been logged every year since 2004. By 2016, when we sampled the avifauna, 12 forest stands had already been logged and allowed to regrow, creating a landscape of logged and unlogged stands and a 12-year forest recovery chrono-sequence. We conducted distance-based sampling along transects to estimate the density and abundance of these species in logged and unlogged stands. We found that logging impacted 3 of the target species. Two of them (Megaxenops parnaguae and Synallaxis scutata) were less abundant, whereas another (Sclerurus cearensis) disappeared altogether from logged areas. We also found a positive correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the avian density of the affected species. However, we failed to observe any significant relationship between forest recovery or NDVI and species densities, suggesting that even after 12 years of forest recovery, species abundance remains lower in logged than in unlogged areas. We found that logging impacted birds in a species-specific manner, with 5 species unaffected and 3 species declining. Although our sampling occurred half-way through the regeneration cycle, we found no evidence of recovery for those species most affected. We suggest keeping unlogged areas intermingled with logged stands, allowing the survival and potential recovery of species in regenerating forests.

中文翻译：

---

有管理的伐木对巴西东北部一些干旱森林专业鸟类的密度和丰度产生负面影响

卡廷加是新热带地区最大的季节性干燥热带森林地区，森林砍伐和栖息地退化率很高，主要是由于木材开采。作为非法采伐的替代方案，政府已经研究了更可持续的管理计划，允许在经过相对较长（约 25 年）的收获轮换采伐后进行自然再生。我们调查了位于巴西东北部半干旱内陆阿拉里佩高原 1,700 公顷私有区域的森林管理的影响，重点关注 8 种鸟类的种群参数。该物业被细分为 22 个林分，自 2004 年以来，每年都有不同的林分被砍伐。到 2016 年，当我们对鸟类进行采样时，已经有 12 个林分被砍伐并允许重新生长，创建伐木和未伐林景观和 12 年森林恢复时间序列。我们沿样带进行了基于距离的采样，以估计这些物种在伐木和未伐木林分中的密度和丰度。我们发现伐木影响了 3 个目标物种。其中两个（Megaxenops parnaguae 和 Synallaxis scutata）数量较少，而另一个（Sclerurus cearensis）则完全从伐木区消失。我们还发现归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）与受影响物种的鸟类密度之间存在正相关关系。然而，我们没有观察到森林恢复或 NDVI 与物种密度之间的任何显着关系，这表明即使经过 12 年的森林恢复，采伐地区的物种丰度仍然低于未采伐地区。我们发现伐木以特定物种的方式影响鸟类，其中 5 个物种未受影响，3 个物种下降。尽管我们的采样发生在再生周期的中途，但我们没有发现那些受影响最严重的物种恢复的证据。我们建议将未伐木区域与伐木林分混合在一起，以使再生森林中的物种得以生存和潜在恢复。