ABSTRACT

Designing urban landscapes for climate change adaptation and mitigation has been highly promoted in contemporary urban development. However, the lack of climate-based design knowledge and techniques in existing urban landscape practice has challenged the implementation. This paper, therefore, introduced a climate-led urban landscape design method to overcome such a dilemma. This approach was results-oriented, and it adopted an integrated use of microclimate, thermal comfort, and GIS modelling and simulation tools. Through the scenarios comparison, this paper has assessed and figured out efficient landscape designs for microclimate and thermal comfort improvement in Ipoh, Malaysia. It showed that shading most determined outdoor thermal comfort, making effective street tree planting an essential measure in the tropical climate-led plan. Besides, this study found that wind did not positively influence thermal comfort due to site characteristic at a particular time, in contrast with other hot regions. In conclusion, developing climate-led landscape and greenery in urban design is a functional initiative for urban cooling and sustainable urban development. Furthermore, the application of modelling and simulation methods in urban landscape design can reduce the possibility of failure in practice, thereby promising urban efficiency in response to climate change.

摘要

设计城市景观以适应和减缓气候变化在当代城市发展中得到了高度推广。然而，现有城市景观实践中缺乏基于气候的设计知识和技术，对实施提出了挑战。因此，本文介绍了一种以气候为主导的城市景观设计方法来克服这种困境。这种方法以结果为导向，它综合使用了小气候、热舒适和 GIS 建模和模拟工具。通过情景比较，本文评估并找出了马来西亚怡保改善小气候和热舒适度的有效景观设计。它表明，遮阳最能决定室外热舒适度，使有效的行道树种植成为热带气候主导计划中的一项重要措施。除了，这项研究发现，与其他炎热地区相比，由于场地特征在特定时间，风不会对热舒适性产生积极影响。总之，在城市设计中开发以气候为主导的景观和绿化是城市降温和可持续城市发展的一项功能性举措。此外，建模和模拟方法在城市景观设计中的应用可以减少实践中失败的可能性，从而提高城市应对气候变化的效率。