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Morphological Analysis of Foamed HDPE/LLDPE Blends by X-ray Micro-Tomography: Effect of Blending, Mixing Intensity and Foaming Temperature
Cellular Polymers ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-01 , DOI: 10.1177/026248931703600501
Peyman Shahi 1 , Amir Hossein Behravesh 1 , Sheikh Rasel 2 , Ghaus Rizvi 2 , Remon Pop-Iliev 2
Affiliation  

Non-invasive x-ray micro-computed tomography was employed for thorough quantitative and qualitative analysis of the cellular structure of foams made of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and their blends. Special emphasis was given to the differences between the results of 3D and 2D analyses, to evaluate the possible errors while studying the morphology using conventional 2D techniques (e.g. SEM). Blends with the weight compositions of 90%LLDPE/10%HDPE and 75%LLDPE/25%HDPE were produced at different rotor speeds of 10, 60 and 120 rpm and batch foaming was examined over a wide range of temperature. The void fraction values from 2D and 3D analysis were found to agree well with those obtained with the Archimedes method. Results showed more uniform cell size distribution for blends mixed at the lower spectrum of screw rotational speed. Among the blends with higher void fraction values and relatively uniform cellular structure, higher average cell size (3–30%) and cell population density (1.25–2.5 times) were noticed in 3D analysis compared with 2D data. The micro-CT images at different cross sections revealed anisotropic cell growth and more elongated cells along the thickness of the specimen. It was also observed that, with increase in foaming temperature, cell shrink prevailed over cell coalescence in the samples with lower viscosity (prepared at low rpm of 10), while for those with higher viscosity (prepared at an rpm of 60) cell coalescence was more dominant.

中文翻译:

X 射线显微断层扫描对发泡 HDPE/LLDPE 混合物的形态分析:混合、混合强度和发泡温度的影响

采用非侵入性 X 射线显微计算机断层扫描对由线性低密度聚乙烯 (LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯 (HDPE) 及其混合物制成的泡沫的细胞结构进行彻底的定量和定性分析。特别强调了 3D 和 2D 分析结果之间的差异,以评估使用传统 2D 技术(例如 SEM)研究形态时可能出现的错误。重量组成为 90%LLDPE/10%HDPE 和 75%LLDPE/25%HDPE 的共混物在 10、60 和 120 rpm 的不同转子速度下生产,并在很宽的温度范围内检查间歇发泡。发现来自 2D 和 3D 分析的空隙率值与使用阿基米德方法获得的值非常吻合。结果表明,在较低的螺杆转速范围内混合的共混物的孔尺寸分布更均匀。在具有较高空隙率值和相对均匀的细胞结构的混合物中,与 2D 数据相比,在 3D 分析中注意到更高的平均细胞大小(3-30%)和细胞群密度(1.25-2.5 倍)。不同横截面的显微 CT 图像显示出各向异性的细胞生长和沿标本厚度的更多细长细胞。还观察到,随着发泡温度的增加,在具有较低粘度的样品(以 10 的低 rpm 制备)中,细胞收缩优于细胞聚结,而对于那些具有较高粘度(以 60 rpm 制备)的样品,细胞聚结是更占优势。在具有较高空隙率值和相对均匀的细胞结构的混合物中,与 2D 数据相比,在 3D 分析中注意到更高的平均细胞大小(3-30%)和细胞群密度(1.25-2.5 倍)。不同横截面的显微 CT 图像显示出各向异性的细胞生长和沿标本厚度的更多细长细胞。还观察到,随着发泡温度的增加,在具有较低粘度的样品(以 10 的低 rpm 制备)中,细胞收缩优于细胞聚结,而对于那些具有较高粘度(以 60 rpm 制备)的样品,细胞聚结是更占优势。在具有较高空隙率值和相对均匀的细胞结构的混合物中,与 2D 数据相比,在 3D 分析中注意到更高的平均细胞大小(3-30%)和细胞群密度(1.25-2.5 倍)。不同横截面的显微 CT 图像显示出各向异性的细胞生长和沿标本厚度的更多细长细胞。还观察到,随着发泡温度的增加,在具有较低粘度的样品(以 10 的低 rpm 制备)中,细胞收缩优于细胞聚结,而对于那些具有较高粘度(以 60 rpm 制备)的样品,细胞聚结是更占优势。不同横截面的显微 CT 图像显示出各向异性的细胞生长和沿标本厚度的更多细长细胞。还观察到,随着发泡温度的增加,在具有较低粘度的样品(以 10 的低 rpm 制备)中,细胞收缩优于细胞聚结,而对于那些具有较高粘度(以 60 rpm 制备)的样品,细胞聚结是更占优势。不同横截面的显微 CT 图像显示出各向异性的细胞生长和沿标本厚度的更多细长细胞。还观察到,随着发泡温度的增加,在具有较低粘度的样品(以 10 的低 rpm 制备)中,细胞收缩优于细胞聚结,而对于那些具有较高粘度(以 60 rpm 制备)的样品,细胞聚结是更占优势。
更新日期:2017-09-01
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