Abstract False Memory Syndrome (FMS) and Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) were developed as defenses for parents accused of child abuse as part of a larger movement to undermine prosecution of child abuse. The lost-in-the-mall study by Dr. Elizabeth Loftus concludes that an entire false memory can be implanted by suggestion. It has since been used to discredit abuse survivors’ testimony by inferring that false memories for childhood abuse can be implanted by psychotherapists. Examination of the research methods and findings of the study shows that no full false memories were actually formed. Similarly, PAS, coined by Richard Gardner, is frequently used in custody cases to discredit children’s testimony by alleging that the protective parent coached them to have false memories of abuse. There is no scientific research demonstrating the existence of PAS, and, in fact, studies on the suggestibility of children show that they cannot easily be persuaded to provide detailed disclosures of abuse.

中文翻译：

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迷失在商场：虚假记忆还是虚假防御？

摘要 虚假记忆综合症 (FMS) 和父母异化综合症 (PAS) 被开发作为被指控虐待儿童的父母的辩护，作为破坏虐待儿童起诉的更大运动的一部分。Elizabeth Loftus 博士在商场里的迷失研究得出结论，可以通过暗示植入整个错误记忆。从那以后，它被用来通过推断心理治疗师可以植入童年虐待的错误记忆来诋毁虐待幸存者的证词。对研究方法和研究结果的检查表明，实际上并没有形成完整的错误记忆。同样，由理查德·加德纳 (Richard Gardner) 创造的 PAS 经常在监护案件中被用来诋毁儿童的证词，声称保护性父母教导他们对虐待有错误记忆。